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CHAPTER 11: PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS MATERIALS - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 11: PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS MATERIALS
Biofuels
1st Generation
Majority food crops
Increase food prices
2nd Generation
Non-foods crops
More cost competitve
3rd Generation
Extracting oil of algae
Low-cost, high energy & renewable feedstock
4th Generation
Capturing & storing CO2
Sustainable energy
Ethanol
Produced: Gasification to produce syngas to ethanol
Modified to be undrinkable
Made frm starches & sugars
Used commonly in cars
From cellulose & hemicellulose
Types
Fermentation of sugar with yeast (Biologic)
Acid catalyzed hydration of ethylene (Synthetic)
Pretreatment
Ozonolysis
White rot fungi
Acid
Mechanical
CO2 explosion
Steam explosion
Ammonia explosion
Biodiesel
Methanol + Veggie oil, animal fat, recycled coooking grease
Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)
Sources
Plant oil
Waste oil (plant & animal)
Algae
Biomass to liquid (BTL)
Gasification
High yield of low molecular weight product
Produce syngas
Produce syngas to liquid fuel use fisher-tropsch process
Application Biofuels
Transportation
Power generation
Heat
Energy Content
Biodiesel (90% of petroleum diesel)
Butanol (80% of gasoline)
Ethanol (50% of gasoline)
Green energy
Biofuels
Renewable
Not always green-produce greenhouse gases
Renewable
Not all renewable energy is green