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Social class and differential achievement, EVALUATION, EVALUATION,…
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EVALUATION
- Government introduced a social policy to improve the facilities and opportunities for all
...example 2010 - coalition government - ‘pupil premium’ for students from deprived backgrounds
- Teachers job to stretch and challenge children to develop thru intellectual skills not parent’s
...Blackstone & Mortimer - working class parent are less involved in their children’s education because they are tired and don’t want to be in a middle class atmosphere.
EVALUATION
- Interactionists argue working class students fail because schools fail to teach them elborated code
- Troyna & Williams - attitudes towards children’s language is the problem. Teachers have ‘speech hireachy’ labelling middle class speech higher, favouring middle class student in most classroom activities
EVALUATION
- Social policy - focusing on improving students expectations and aspirations
...example 2025 - implementation of ROSLA to 18. The aim was to illuminate NEETS and make all social classes stay in education
- Fatalism can be associated with ethnic minority children so cannot only be applied to topic of social class
middle class children also value immediate gratification
EVALUATION
- Social policy - improving opportunities and facilities for all students
... example. 2004 education maintenance allowance to help struggling student but have recently been replaced by a 16-19 bursary.
- School often give students equipment free of charge
... example workbooks and loaning computers
EVALUATION
- School offer study facilities after school for students who don’t have a quiet study place at home Additionally, public libaries are available for student to study in outside of schooll
- Douglas is to deterministic - not all working class students live in poverty. Social housing has also improved over the years
... example greenfield tower fire 2017 brought attention to danger of living in hugh building.
EVALUATION
- social policy - improving health and diet for students
... example 2014 - freee school meals for infant student in years 1 and 2 in state funded schools
- Government have led multiple campaigns to educate the public about nutritional diet bith inside and outside of education
... Jamie Oliver’s campaign over school dinners
EVALUATION
- Some middle class student openly rebel and fault at GCSE and A levels aswell
cultural capital is only applied to white middle class students - Chinese working class are successful within education however posses a cultural deficit according to Bourdieu
- Interactionists - students performance is down to labelling, setting and streaming / subcultures. Higher sets achieved higher grades. Factors within the school are more influential then factors outside of school
EVALUATION
- Sullivan’s work cannot be generalised due to only focusing on four school - not representative of the whole UK
- Her work is reliant of memory which questions the validity of the pupils answers. Could be argued Sullivan is too deterministic in her findings
EVALUATION
- Not all working class parents lack knowledge of school admissions process
... example applying for scholarships in private schools
- Troyna & Williams - problem is the school attitudes towards a child language. ‘Speech hireachy’
EVALUATION
- Beckets work is not representative and so can’t be generalised
- Hammersly - not all teachers are ‘middle class tyrants’
...many teacher come from working class backgrounds and so rather then labelling working class pupils they may offer greater support and encouragement.
EVALUATION
- Rist only studies omecalssroom so is work is not representative and can’t be generalised
- Class may not be the most important factor when pupils are labelled for example race or gender may play a greater role
EVALUATION
- Too deterministic - not all students accept given labels
...Fuller stdieed a group of year 11 balck girls who were placed in low stream but achieved hugely due to channelling there around being negitigely labelled into the pursuit of educational success. They respected themselves but no the school or teachers
- Variation of labels given - labels vary between teacher and teacher on different days reducing the effectiveness of a label given
EVALUATION
1.too deterministic - not all individuals accept labels
...example some working class students may reject their label and aim higher to prove their teachers wrong
- There’s lots of support available for students who underperform and not all teacher label students based on class due to coming from working class backgrounds themselves
EVALUATION
- Ball - setting and streaming = social barbarism.
allows well-off parents to deprecate their children from others who they consider social and intellectually inferior
- Reasearch shows grouping by ability was educationally damaging leading to greater inequalities between children
...lower set missed out being taught by less experienced teachers
...pupils in lower set had low self esteem and were more likely to be alirented from school, disruptive and apathetic
EVALUATION
- Willis - working class anti-social subcultures was a result of their view of the education system not labelling
- they beleived the education system was for middle-class and would fail them
-there bad behaviour gained respect from other boys but led to their educational failure
- Furlong - pupils attitudes towards lesson change depending on the subject teacher and day
... example student may be anti-social in subjects they don't like a pro school in subjects they enjoy.
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