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space weather - Coggle Diagram
space weather
structure of the sun
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photosphere
sunspot
1)regions of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection
2)appear in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity
3)appear dark because their temperature lower than surrounding granules
4)activities varies approximately 11 year(solar cycle)
granules
1)cells of plasma
2)hot rising plasma in the center, cooler plasma falling in the narrow spaces between them
3)1000 kilometers in diameter
4)lifespan - 8 to 20 minutes
5)super granules - 24 hours
corona
coronal mass ejections
1)aura of plasma that surrounds the sun
2)easily seen during a total solar eclipse
3)temperature excess 1,000,000 kelvin
4)much hotter than the surface of the Sun
1)release of plasma and accompanying magnetic field from the solar corona 2)magnetized plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons 3)often follow solar flares and are normally present during a solar prominence eruption
chromosphere
solar flares
1)strong and spectacular explosions of gases
2)attain maximum brightness within a few seconds or minutes
3)light from solar flares takes 8 minutes to reach Earth while the charged gas particles take tens of minutes
prominence
1) huge loop or arced column glowing gases over the sunspot
2)Prominences that are very strong can throw out matter from the sun into the space at speeds ranging from 600km/s to more than 1000km/s
3)the prominence plasma is typically a hundred times more luminous and denser than the coronal plasma
1)sphere of color 2)3,00 to 5,000 kilometers deep 3)rosy red color only apparent during total eclipses (normally invisible )
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Earth's magnetosphere
1)combination of Earth's magnetic field and the magnetic field in outer space 2)protect Earth from the adverse effects caused by dangerous particles from the Sun or other bodies in the Universe
solar wind
1)a stream of changed particles released from corona
2)plasma mostly consists of electrons ,protons and alpha particles
3)speed of supersonic (250km/s - 750 km/s)