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Biology: Cells - Coggle Diagram
Biology: Cells
Animal
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Vacuoles
are multiple, small --> contain H2O + food substances
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Specialised Cells
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Root Hair Cell
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Long & Narrow outgrowth to increase SA:V ratio --> More H2O & mineral salts absorbed from soil water at faster rate
Large vacuole contains concentrated cell sap: Steeper water potential gradient => water molecules enter cell via osmosis at faster rate
More mitochondria present: More energy released via aerobic respiration --> active transport of mineral salts
Specific carrier proteins on cell membrane --> allow root hair cell to take in mineral salts via active transport
Red Blood Cell
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Contains Haemoglobin:
1) Responsible for red colour (protein + iron, haem group)
2) Binds with O2 reversibly => form oxyhaemoglobin
3) Can bind and release O2 when going from lungs to body; vice versa
No nucleus:
1) More space for more haemoglobin => more O2 molecules can be transported at one time
2) Become thinner and more flexible, easier to squeeze thru capillaries
Biconcave Shape:
--> increase SA:V => more O2 molecules can be picked up or released more efficiently
Xylem Cell
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Connected end-to-end continuously from roots to leaf:
--> Enable water + mineral salts be transported over long distance from roots to all parts of plants
Hollow (empty lumen), no cross-walls:
--> Less barrier/ resistance to water + salt flow
Thick wall of cellulose + lignin:
1) Prevent xylem wall from collapsing when water passes through
2) Provide mechanical support to keep plant upright
Cell wall made of Cellulose, thickened with lignin. Contains hollow tubes
Why
Need (environment, need more raw materials) --> Cell Differentiate --> Specialised cells
What
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can Move, Excrete, Reproduce, Get Irritated, Grow & Repair, Respire, Adapt and Requires Nutrients --> living thing 100%
Level of Organisation
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Division of Labour (DOL)
Different parts of multicellular organism specialise & coordinate together, making organism more efficient
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