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Reciprocity + Interactional Synchrony - Coggle Diagram
Reciprocity + Interactional Synchrony
Reciprocity
A two way, turn taking relationship with active contributors
Includes close attention to each other's verbal signs and facial expressions
Caregivers respond to infant's signs and regularity of signs
Murray and Trevarthan (1985)
A study with 2 month old infants who interacted with their mothers' through a video call
Then they were shown a video of their mothers' so it was a one way interaction
Once the infants realised they weren't getting a response, they displayed acute distress and turned away
This means infants are always trying to elicit a response from their caregivers
Interactional Synchrony
The timing and pattern of interaction
When interaction is rhythmic and mirroring it is synchronised
When an infant's and caregiver's behaviour and emotions are synchronised
Innate (from birth)
Meltzoff and Moore (1977)
controlled observation of infants from 2 weeks old
when the adult displayed an expression, the infant would mirror it
Strengths
Controlled observations make it easier to gain and analyse data since extraneous variables are eliminated
Babies will either not know or care that they're being observed so they won't display demand characteristics
Increases internal validity
Weaknesses
Infant behaviour is difficult to analyse since most of the time they do it without reason or don't have control over it themselves
This was overcome by recording the observations, and reducing observer bias by not telling the observer what actions they were looking for