Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chemistry chapter 16 - Coggle Diagram
Chemistry chapter 16
Sulfur
- It is found as element in large underground beds
- It occurs as a compound in many metal ores
- Sulfur compounds also occur naturally in the fossil fuels
Properties
- It is a brittle yellow solid
- It has two different forms of allotropes
- It has a quite low melting point as it is molecular
- It does not conduct electricity
-
- It reacts with metals to from sulfides
- It burns with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide
Uses
- Used to make sulfuric acid
-
- Used to make drugs, pesticides matches, etc
- Used in making cosmetics, shampoos, etc
- Added to cement to make sulfur concrete
Sulfur dioxide
Properties
It is a colourless gas, heavier than air, with a strong, chocking smell
Like most non-metal oxides, it is an acidic oxide. It dissolves in water, forming sulfurous acid, H2SO3
-
-
Uses
- To manufacture sulfuric acid
- Used to bleach wool, silk, and wood pulp for making paper
-
Uses of sulfuric acid:
- Fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate
-
-
-
Carbon compounds
Carbon dioxide
Properties
Colourless gas, with no smell
-
-
-
Carbonates
Compounds that contain the carbonate ion, CO3 2-
They are insoluble in water except for sodium, potassium and aluminium carbonates
They react with acids to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide
-
Methane
-
It also forms whenever bacteria break down plant material, in the absence of oxygen
-
Organic compounds
Methane is an organic compound. Organic compounds all contain carbon and most of them contain hydrogen
-
Ammonia
You can make ammonia in lab by heating any ammonium compound with a strong base. The base displaces ammonia from the compound. For example: 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 gives you CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3
Properties
- It is a colourless gas with strong, chocking smell
- It is less dense than air
- It reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to form a white smoke
- It is very soluble in water
- The solution in water is alkaline - it turns red litmus blue
-
-
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is made in the lab by using a metal to drive out or displace it from dilute acid. Zinc and dilute sulfuric acid is the usual choice.
Properties
- It is the lightest of all gases
- It is colourless, with no smell
- It combines with oxygen to form water
- It is more reactive than copper so it will reduce copper oxide to copper
-
Nitrogen
Properties
- It is colourless, with no smell
- It is only slightly soluble in water
- It is very uncreative compared with oxygen
-
Nitrogen also combines with oxygen at high temperatures to form oxides: nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide
-
-