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25.CAUSE,RESULT & PURPOSE RELATIONSHIPS. - Coggle Diagram
25.CAUSE,RESULT & PURPOSE RELATIONSHIPS.
1.Introduction.
Grammar concepts from a comm.point of view.
2.Cause Relationships
.:reason why an action is carried out
Mostly expressed by
subordinate clauses
BECAUSE, AS, FOR and SINCE
.As & because different emphasis. SINCE, which is a little more formal, agrees with AS in terms of emphasis, but implies at the same time that the cause or reason is an undisputed fact or a state known beforehand.
Additional emphasis is given to the adverbial clause of cause when it is precede by I
T IS BECAUSE
...
THAT
non-finite clause or verbless clause
.Knowing that they love each other, they struggled to convince their families to accept their relat.
logical consequence by means of
two main clauses joined by SO, THEREFORE (formal) and THUS
(very formal)
Independent clauses
subject of a clause or by the agent in the passive.is the person who causes an event to take place,
causative verbs
.adjectives and intransitive verbs in English have a corresponding causative verb. The causative verb may match them in form (blow up, grow) or may be different in form (
fall, fell; die, kill; come, bring).
instrument or means
takes the position of subject, that is, the role of the “causer” of the action.
Cause in prepositional phrases:
FOR, FROM, OUT OF, THOUGH, WITH, BECAUSE OF, DUE TO and ON ACCOUNT OF (formal). He died from cancer. He was fired on account of his behaviour.
we can make the “cause” the subject of the sentence, using
a general causative verb like cause or make.
Other
verbal constructions expressing cause are
lead to, result in, bring about, give rise to
With a noun like effect
:The effect of the scandal was a general disliking for the new president.
3.Result Relationships.Closely related to cause.
Most common structures:
result clauses
Quirk
, the chief difference between them is that result clauses are
factual
whereas purpose clauses are
putative
(the result is yet to be achieved, it is desired or aimed. )Syntactically. result clauses differ from purpose clauses in that result clauses are disjuncts whereas
purpose clauses are adjuncts.
SO and SO THAT
express result and purpose, but SO THAT is more commonly used for purpose, and SO for result
Kind of comparative clause which expresses result. It has the correlatives
SO…THAT or SUCH…THAT, in which SO and SUCH
are intensifiers.
participles phrases
.
Camille, having tried to be accepted, asked the Queen for help
Independent clauses
the result is derived from the
action of a verb
or is expressed by a
preposition
with a resultative meaning.
Result conjucts
:
CONSEQUENTLY, AS A RESULT OF, SOMEHOW, SO (informal), THUS (formal), HENCE (formal), IN CONSEQUENCE (OF).SOMEHOW
is used when the reason is not made explicit.
Somehow,they did not get along with each other.
4.Final Relationships.
Subordinate clauses
SO THAT, SO, IN ORDER THAT, THAT, SO AS TO
, etc. final clauses express a putative meaning, so they usually include a modal verb.
more often expressed by means of an
infinitive of purpose
, especially when the subject of the subordinate clause is the same person or in order to + emphatic & formal.
Purpose by the preposition
FOR or TOWARDS.
He changed his public attitude for interest. They tried to save money towards an important journey