Bioeconomy

• Encompasses the production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources and waste streams into value added products
  

Logistical - The bulky in nature and lack of technology to compacting biomass in low cost to facilitate transport

Technical - Variety in physical and chemical properties is low density, bulky, high moisture and ash content, difficult to transport and not suitable for direct use such as co-firing with coal or natural gas power plants

Economic

• Competition with fossil fuels on a direct production cost basis such as excluding externalities
  

International trade barrier - The levies and duties on import; risk of contamination; biotechnology issues

Social - Employment (increase or decrease? child labour, health problems)

Competition with other end uses -Raw materials for pulp and paper, animal fodder, ethanol for other industrial uses

Ecological - Monocultures, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, nutrient leaching

Methodological - Lack of clear international accounting rules like who will get the CO2 credits?, methodology to evaluate avoided emissions, etc.

Inward investment that will raise living standards and quality of life

Reduced emissions of atmospheric and other pollutants

An economy future-proofed from decline in the petrochemical industries

Long term, quality jobs near to people’s homes

Reduced waste through its use as raw material

Economic / Social

• New business based on local usage of co-products of forest and agriculture-based industries
• Business opportunities for local SMEs in the production chain generally controlled by big companies
• Local (non de-localizable) jobs created in rural areas
  
  

Technological

• Development of mobile advanced technological solutions to valorize locally unexploited biomasses resources, while minimizing final waste production and integrating energy management and efficiency in operating processes.
• Upgrade of forest-based products not used for other usages
• Upgrade of agricultural residues, green leaves at farms, residues from food processing industry
  
  

Environmental

• Carbon valorized as molecules or materials instead of only energy source and CO2 release.
• Substitution of non-renewable soil fertilizers by the HTC biochar
• Biobased diseases/pests controls agents issued from HTC liquid fraction