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CHAPTER 3: The derivation of value-added products from biomass I - Coggle…
CHAPTER 3: The derivation of value-added products from biomass I
Introduction
Biomass is a renewable resources
: refers to any materials having recent biological origin. Eg: plant materials, agricultural crops & animal manure.
Biomass available for energy on a sustainable basis include
: herbaceous & woody energy crops, agricultural food & feed crops, agricultural crop waste & residue.
Woody biomass
: Lignocellulose & Lignin
Herbaceous
: Grasses & legumes, Grasslands, under utilized species, forages, food crops.
Agriculture residues
: From cereals, rhizomic crops, sugarcane.
Vegetables residues - larger scale collection.
Types & features of agriculture residues
:
Rice & wheat - chalf and straw
Corn & rhizomic corps - leaves, stems, corncobs
Sugar cane - cane tops, leaves, roots
Volume of production
: Statistic on agricultural residues production.
Wooden residuals
Characteristics & environmental significance
:
i) Wood-based carbon from sustainable forestry
ii) Carbon neutral wood
iii) Balance between resource saving through material recycling & fossil fuel saving by consuming wooden residuals for energy.
iv) Densities of wood & wooden vary.
Residuals from wood industries
:
i) Types, sizez & moisture content from wood processing plants vary widely.
ii) For pulp, wood composites, livestock bedding, boiler fuel, compost,wooden pellet.
Residuals from wood utilization
: i) From construction, furniture, transportation, civil engineering works.
ii) Recycle or re-utilize - Concern on residuals with paint/adhesieves, too small quantity
Technologies for energy utilization
:
i) Energy efficiency
ii) Conversion processes
Biomass materials
Sugar & starch crops
: can be fermented to biofuel
Oil producing biomass
: produces and accumulates fat & oil in its seed or fruit meat.
Bagasse
: 25-30% sugar cane production
Aquatic plant biomass
: Produced in freshwater & marine environments
Black liquor
: Mixture of organic by product during chemical pulp production.
Food processing waste
Animal waste
: Livestock feces, urine & as manure.
Municipal solid waste
: Food waste, Biogasification, Incineration with energy recovery, Pyrolysis.
Sewage sludge
: solid matters discharged frm an activated sludge wastewater treatment facility.