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TOPIC 31: TEXT AND CONTEXT. TEXT TYPES: MAIN CRITERIA FOR TEXTUAL…
TOPIC 31: TEXT AND CONTEXT. TEXT TYPES: MAIN CRITERIA FOR TEXTUAL CLASSIFICATION. REGISTER
1. TEXT AND CONTEXT
Text and texture
The 7 standards of textuality
Cohesion
Coherence
Acceptability
Informativity
Situationality
Intertextuality
Intentionality
Text and context
Halliday's 3 headings
Field
Mode
Tenor
2. CRITERIA FOR TEXTUAL CLASSIFICATION
Text genre
Aristotelian classification
Drama
Poetry
Epic
Modern genres
Business reports, speeches, letters, interviews, essays, articles, etc.
Tone of the text
Emotion and feeling the author wishes to communicate
Didactic, dramatic, comic, etc.
System of organization of the text
Depends on the presence/absence of the addressee
Types of texts
Accord. to the main illocutionary force of txt
Narrative texts
Descriptive texts
Argumentative texts
Expository texts
Conversational or dialogic texts
3. TEXT TYPES
Narrative texts
Non- fictional
:pencil2: history books, encyclopaedias, autobiographies, etc.
Fictional
:pencil2: novels, faity tales, legends, etc.
Main elements
Narrator
Characters
Setting
Structure
Setting
Complication
Resolution
Descriptive texts
Characteristics
Copula sentences
Relative clauses
Prepositional and adverbial phrases
Adjectives of colour, shape, size, etc.
:pencil2: dictionary definitions, setting of a story, descriptions of actions, clues of crosswords, etc.
Connectors :arrow_right: linear progression + relations btw items
To give a mental image of an object/person/place/process/ personal or emotional situation
Argumentative texts
Weight pros and cons of the issue
:pencil2: demonstration brochures, government speeches, debates, theses, etc.
To argue, persuade and convince, trying to make addressee share author's poing of view
Expository texts
Provide info and use strategies to widen reader's knowledge about topic
Structure
Introduction :pencil2: definition of the subject, direct question to reader, etc.
Body :arrow_right: one statem. supports another, exemplifies it or contrasts it
Conclusion :pencil2: summary, suggestion for future dealing with topic, etc.
Dialogic texts
Primarily, spoken modes of discourse
Ofter unplanned, informal and interactive
4. REGISTER
Register and style
Style
:arrow_right: variation in a person's speech or writing, accord. to degree of formality
Register
:arrow_right: speech variety used by a particular group of people
6 kinds of varieties
Region variations:
dialects
realized predominantly in phonology
Variations accord. to
education and social standing
educated speech tends to be given prestige: Standard English
Variations accord. to
interference
trace left by someone's nativa language
Variations accord. to the subject matter:
field
closely identified with lexis :arrow_right: recognition field-specific lexis or jargon, we identify topic of txt
Variations accord. to the medium:
mode
accounts for the effect on our linguistic choices of the medium in which lang. is transmitted and received
Variations accord. to the attitude:
tenor
linguistic features of tenor are characterised by greater/lesser formality
Register accord. to Halliday
Variations in speech/writing which appropriate to the social context
Classification by conceptual pairs :arrow_right: persona/impersonal, formal/informal, improvised/rehearsed. etc.
Stylistic features classified into colloquial (or informal), polite (or formal), casual, intimate, etc.
All elements can vary in diff. register
Vocab, syntax, phonology, morphology, pragmatic rules
Paralinguistic features (spoken English) :pencil2: pitch, volume, intonation
Also non-linguistic prescriptions :pencil2: dress codes, body language, proximity of speakers, etc.