Cultural Bias One significant issue with Duck’s model is that the model, and the majority of research it is based on, is the product of experiences of relationships in individualistic cultures. Moghaddam et al (1993) suggests that the model is a reasonable representation of the process of breakdown in individualistic cultures where relationships in the main are voluntary and frequently end. However, the model does not represent what occurs in collectivist cultures, where relationships may be arranged, involve the wider family or be much harder to end. This is an example of an imposed etic, thus suggesting it is very unlikely that the process of breakdown is universal therefore undermining the model as an accurate description of all relationship breakdowns.