Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The beginings of industralization - Coggle Diagram
The beginings of industralization
Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way
After buying up the land of village farmers, wealthy landowners enclosed their land with fences or hedges. The
increase in their landholdings enabled them to cultivate larger fields. Within
these larger fields, called enclosures, landowners experimented with more productive seeding and harvesting methods to boost crop yields
Rotating Crops
The process of crop rotation proved to be one of the best developments by the scientific farmers. The process improved upon older methods of
crop rotation, such as the medieval three-field system discussed in Chapter 14
Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England
• water power and coal to fuel the new machines
• iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings
• rivers for inland transportation
• harbors from which merchant ships set sail
Inventions Spur Industrialization
Changes in the Textile Industry
As you will learn in the feature on textile technology on page 719, by 1800, several major inventions had modernized the cotton
industry. One invention led to another. In 1733, a machinist named John Kay made
a shuttle that sped back and forth on wheels.
Textiles Industrialize First
The Industrial Revolution that began in Britain was spurred by a
revolution in technology. It started in the textile industry, where
inventions in the late 1700s transformed the manufacture of cloth.
The demand for clothing in Britain had greatly increased as a
result of the population boom caused by the agricultural revolution.
These developments, in turn, had an impact worldwide
Improvements in Transportation
Watt’s Steam Engine
James Watt, a mathematical instrument maker at the
University of Glasgow in Scotland, thought about the problem for two years. In
1765, Watt figured out a way to make the steam engine work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel. In 1774
Water Transportation
Steam could also propel boats. An American inventor
named Robert Fulton ordered a steam engine from Boulton and Watt. He built a
steamboat called the Clermont, which made its first successful trip in 1807
Road Transportation
British roads improved, too, thanks largely to the efforts of
John McAdam, a Scottish engineer. Working in the early 1800s, McAdam equipped
road beds with a layer of large stones for drainage.
The Railway Age Begins
Steam-Driven Locomotive
In 1804, an English engineer named Richard
Trevithick won a bet of several thousand dollars. He did this by hauling ten tons of
iron over nearly ten miles of track in a steam-driven locomotive
The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad
ws of this success quickly
spread throughout Britain. The entrepreneurs of northern England
wanted a railroad line to connect the port of Liverpool with the
inland city of Manchester. The track was laid. In 1829, trials were
held to choose the best locomotive for use on the new line
Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain
The invention and perfection of the locomotive had at least four major effects. First, railroads
spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport materials and finished products. Second, the railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both railroad workers and miners.