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Biochemical processing of carbohydrate-rich biomass - Coggle Diagram
Biochemical processing of carbohydrate-rich biomass
Biogas
Disadvantage
risk of soil contamination with inorganic pollutants (heavy metals)
Closed phyto-pathogenic cycle ((Fusarium spp., Clostridium spp.)
risk can be reduce through disinfection
Advantage
Almost closed nutrient cycle
Well known technology
Fermentation of sugars and starches
used on a large scale in various countries to produce ethanol from sugar crops and starch crops, for example maize, wheat
Ethanol fermentation of saccharine materials
used for ethanol production at large scare are juice and molasses of sugar cane and sugar beet
Products of Acetone - butanol fermentation
industrialized for supply of raw materials of smokeless powder and fighter planes composites
Hydrogen fermentation - is reaction in which anaerobic microorganisms oxidatively decompose organic materials to get energy under anaerobic conditions
Lactic acid fermentation
lactic acid has alcohol (OH) and carboxylic (COOH) sites inside the molecule.
Syngas fermentation
Advantages compared to cellulose hydrolysis
Both carbohydrate and lignin converted to syngas
Less finicky about composition of feedstock
Advantages compared to Fischer - Tropsch
Robust to inorganic contaminants
Opportunity to diversity products
Challenges
Gas - liquid transfer is bottleneck
Some tarry products are fermentation inhibitors
limited development of suitable microorganisms
Bio - oil fermentation
Advantages
Densifies biomass for transportation
Leap frogs the problem of carbohydrate depolymerization
Challenges
Limited development to date
Pyrolysis produces some fermentation inhibitors
Gas, charcoal and lignin do not contribute to synfuels production