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Adam and Emily Case Study,, Crime Prevention Theories(Question 3&4),…
Adam and Emily Case Study,
Crime theories relevant to Adam
Question 1
Pyschological
Beth
Social Learning Theory
(Bandura, 1971)
Development Theories
Personaility trait
Personality trait
- Abuse in childhood, selling drugs for family members. Developing traits of his personailty which are stable and enduring in adult life.
Psychopathy
- abuse leading to violation of social norms. Unemotional, unashamed, anti-social behaviour
Behavioural theories
- learned through observation and modelling in childhood, Adam and his Dad/Uncle
Neutralisation technique
used by offender to mitigate - seen by adam as no remorse for offending
Criminals have innate vulnerabilities that make delinquency more likely.
Vulnerable due to what he has witnessed as a child.
Social
Jo
General strain theory
- Agnew (1992) - Negative high school experiences, parental rejection, abusive peers
Social control theory
- Hirschi (1969) - need to develop 'bonds' with society to obey law. 4 bonds (Attachment, commitment, involvement and Beliefs)
Durkheim
- anomie - crime more likely when less social controls in environment - Adam had low levels of regulation in household and immediate surroundings
Routine activity theory
: motivated offender, suitable target, absence capable guardian
Rational choice theory
- weighing up cost vs benefit. Cost = Using girls as a commodity, benefit = money
Crime Prevention Theories
(Question 3&4)
Psychological
Routine Activity Theory
Mike
Look at interventions with the offender.
The Ministry of Justice supports prisoners in maintaining family ties, in order to prevent reoffending upon release, with evidence showing that maintaining good relationships helps to prevent people from returning to crime
Interventions with victim
Change her pattern of behaviour
Refferals to OP TOPAZ/RUBY
Drug intervention work.
Neutralise Peer Pressure.
Rational Choice Theory
Beth
Increase risk
Putting on Tag
Curfew
Probation worker
Home Office Modern Crime Prevention Strategy (2016)
Increased focus on drug related offences.
"Drugs - publish a new drug strategy, which builds on the approach published in 2010 to restrict the supply of drugs and tackle the organised crime behind the drugs trade, prevent drug misuse in our communities, help people resist getting involved in drugs, and support people dependent on drugs through treatment and recover"
Social
Tom and Mike
Community Policing
Youth engagement
Target hardening
Braga (2012)
Home Office Modern Crime Prevention Strategy, (2016)
Profit Drugs and Alcohol
Social Bond Theory. Hirschi(1969)
Public Awareness Campaigns
Drugs awareness
Increased reporting
Highlights drug hotspots.
CSE
School and Youth engagement
"Teaching school pupils to recognise and challenge unhealthy and exploitative relationships, to prevent them from being abused or from engaging in abuse themselves"
Biological
Becky
Ethics
Suggest that segments of community are all bad
Deterministic- Leads to intervention before crimes have occurred.
Supports Labelling theory.
Biological profiling- Eugenics
Lack of methods mentioned in CPS(2016) for biological crime prevention
Situational
Tom
Drug dealing is left confined by geographical location. Using technological advancements.
Theories less applicable
Question2.
Reasons for not picking Biological
Becky
People are born criminals- ‘primitive savages’
•Ignored the importance of choice offenders can make- can’t explain those who have biological traits who don’t go on to become offenders
Deterministic
•Can potentially be dangerous if used to design interventions purely on biological reasoning-
•However some elements of theory has weight but when combined with other approaches (Biosocial) - Lombroso conclusion that that crime is driven by multiple causes, and heritability, psychiatry, mental health and the influence of shared environments.
Standing alone its a less important theory.
Reasons for not picking Situational Action Theory
James
. There is no deterrence in his actions.
His personal morals remain present and his actions are not affected
Setting characteristic - lack of a strong deterrent