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COPD - Coggle Diagram
COPD
Pathophysiology
Prolonged irritation causes permanent damage to lung tissue
irritants stimulate elastase production which damages lung tissue
Oxidants in tobacco smoke inhibit anti-elastase
Scarring from prolonged asthma related inflammation can create chronic obstruction
includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
irritation of goblet cells triggers mucous production
damage to alveolar walls
reduced surface area for gas exchange
Collaborative Treatment
smoking cessation
O2 therapy
avoid exposer to respiratory infection
bronchodilators
beta 2 adrenergic agonists
breathing exercises and appropriate physical activity
Symptoms
long term productive cough
hypoxemia
Barrel chest
dyspnea
expiratory wheezing and crackles
Risk Factors
SMOKING
Environmental exposure
Chronic respiratory infections
Alpha-1 anti-trypsin (anti-elastase) deficiency (genetic)
Labs/ Diagnostics
Presence of productive cough for 3 or months over the last 2 years
pulmonary function studies
imaging
spirometry
Complications
clubbing
severe hypoxemia
Reduced ability for physical activity