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Industralization Spreads, In 1789, however, a young British mill worker…
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- In 1789, however, a young British mill worker named Samuel Slater emigrated to the United States.
- The following year, Moses Brown opened the first factory in the United States to house Slater’s machines in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
- As in Britain, industrialization in the United States began in the textile industry.
- By the late 1820s, Lowell, Massachusetts, had become a booming manufacturing center and a model for other such towns.
- Their weaving factory in Waltham, Massachusetts, earned them enough money to fund a larger operation in another Massachusetts town
- By the end of the 1800s, a limited number of large, powerful companies controlled more than two-thirds of the nation’s railroad tracks.
- These included a wealth of natural resources, among them oil, coal, and iron; a burst of inventions, such as the electric light bulb and the telephone; and a swelling urban population that consumed the new manufactured goods.
- During the last third of the 1800s, the country experienced a technological boom.
- In the United States as elsewhere, workers earned low wages for laboring long hours, while stockholders earned high profits and corporate leaders made fortunes.
- Big business—the giant corporations that controlled entire industries—also made big profits by reducing the cost of producing goods.
- Soon other European countries, the United States, Russia, and Japan followed Britain’s lead, seizing colonies for their economic resources.
- To keep factories running and workers fed, industrialized countries required a steady supply of raw materials from less-developed lands.
- Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the need for resources to supply the factories of Europe, and the development of new markets around the world.
- Between 1700 and 1900, revolutions in agriculture, production, transportation, and communication changed the lives of people in Western Europe and the United States.
- As in the United States, British skilled workers played a key role in industrializing Belgium.
- Much like him, a Lancashire carpenter named William Cockerill illegally made his way to Belgium in 1799.
- in 1858, a German economist wrote, “Railroads and machine shops, coal mines and iron foundries, spinneries and rolling mills seem to spring up out of the ground, and smokestacks sprout from the earth like mushrooms.” Germany’s economic strength spurred its ability to develop as a military power.
- French industrialization was more measured and controlled than in other countries because the agricultural economy remained strong.
- As a result, France avoided the great social and economic problems caused by industrialization.