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The derivation of value-added products from biomass II - Coggle Diagram
The derivation of value-added products from biomass II
Fresh biomass can be processed in various ways
Burning - produces heat and electricity
Pressing and pelletization - produces solid fuel (briquettes or pellets)
Fermentation - produces biogas
Distillation - produces liquid fuel (bioethanol and biodiesel)
The routes for the extraction of energy from biomass
Thermal
Partial oxidation
Direct combustion
Gasification
Liquefaction
Pyrolysis
Biological
Fermentation
Anaerobic digestion
Extraction
Oils biodiesel
Themo - chemical conversion
Produced by applying heat and chemical processes.
Pyrolysis process
Conversion of biomass to liquid (bio-oil), solid (charcoal) and gaseous (biofuel gases) by heating in the absence of air at 500 °C
Liquefaction process
Used to get maximum liquid yields with higher quality than from the pyrolysis process
Converted into liquid phase at low temperature (250 - 350 °C) and high pressures at 100 - 200 bar, with a high hydrogen partial pressure and to catalysts to increase the rate of reaction
Combustion process
A chemical reaction, biomass is burned in the presence of air
Suitable for dry biomass containing less 50% moisture
Biomass burned at 800 - 1000 °C
Stored in the biomass is converted into mechanical and electrical energies
Used for domestic application
Gasification process
Charcoal, wood chips, energy crops, forestry residual and other waste are transformed into flammable gases at high temperature at 800 - 1000 °C
Bio-chemical conversion
use of the enzymes of bacteria and other living organisms to break down and convert it into fuels
Anaerobic digestion process
Directly converted to a biogas.
it mixture of methane , carbon dioxide and other gases
Converted in anaerobic environment by bacteria to produces a gas having an energy of 20 - 40%of lower heating value of the feedstock
Fermentation process
Yeast or bacteria are added to the biomass material, which feed on the sugars to produce ethanol and CO2.
Anaerobic process break down the glucose within organic materials
The ethanol is distilled and dehydrated to obtain a higher concentration of alcohol to achieve the required purity for the use as automotive fuel.
Basic fermentation process involves conversion of a plant’s glucose (or carbohydrate) into alcohol or acid.