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- - - - Toxic shock-like syndrome
- - - - is an antibody targeted against streptolysin O
  - - - results
        
        Increased polys
        
        Indicate infection
        
        Decreased lymphocytes
        
        can raise your risk of infection.
        
        Increased monocytes
        
        Indicate process of phagocytosis of invaders
        
        Normal eosinophils
        
        No parasitic infection
    - - definition
        
        A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
    - - definition
        
        A hematocrit test measures how much of the blood is made up of red blood cells.
  - - - low CRP level
        
        normal
      - Increased CRP level
        
        suggests the presence of inflammation
        
        Suspected bacterial infection.
        
        Chronic inflammatory disease.
    - - A CRP test measures the amount of CRP in the blood
        
        what is CRP
        
        it is a protein made by the liver.
        
        why
        
        to detect inflammation due to acute conditions
        
        to monitor the severity of disease in chronic conditions
  - - - A sample of blood obtained using sterile technique is placed in a culture media and incubated in a controlled environment for 1 to 7 days.
        
        If microorganisms grow:
        
        they can be identified as to type
        
        tested against different antibiotics
  - - - is a type of blood test that measures how quickly erythrocyte settle at the bottom of a test tube that contains a blood sample.
    - - determine if the patient have a condition that causes inflammation
    - - if it settle relatively slowly
        
        normal
      - if it settle A faster than normal rate
        
        indicate inflammation
- - - - Turbulent blood flow
        
        damaged endocarial layer
        
        a clumping of platelets, fibrin, & bacteria
        
        vegetation
- - - - Subcutaneous nodules
        
        Accumulation of macrophages and fibrinoid necrosis
      - Erythema marginatum
        
        Mainly a skin rash
    - - Sydenham chorea
        
        Patient present with uncoordinated and involuntary movements
    - - Arthritis
        
        Patient present with migratory arthritis
    - - Myocarditis
        
        Aschoff body
      - Pericarditis
        
        Irregular deposits of fibrin
      - Endocarditis
        
        Nodular appearance
  - - - Antibodies are produced and start attack bacteria + attacking human tissues that share the same antigens as the bacteria
        
        Molecular mimicry
        
        Affecting the brain, joint,skin and heart
- - - - bacterial cell wall synthesis
  - - - allergic to penicillin
  - - - 50S ribosomal subunit
        
        inhibition of protein synthesis.
  - - - inhibition of protein synthesis.
    - - IV/IM
- - - - Two cusps
    - - Three cusps
  - - - Three cusps
    - - Three cusps
- - - - HEENT
      - temperature
      - heart rate & respiratory rate
      - Blood pressure
      - oxygen saturation
    - - rashes (erythema marginatum)
      - swollen joints (arthritis)
    - - blood test
      - throat culture
  - - - uses sound waves to view images of heart
        
        monitor how heart and valves are functioning
      - mitral regurgitation
      - mitral stenosis
    - - p-mitrale
        
        left atrial enlargement
      - tachycardia
      - left axis deviation
    - - holosystolic murmur
        
        axilla
      - loud S1
      - opening snap
    - - cardiomegaly
      - pulmonary edema
      - loss of margins
- - - - Three points are on the limbs.
        
        aVR: at the junction of the right arm with the trunk
        
        aVF: at the junction of the left lower limb with the trunk
        
        aVL: at the junction of the left arm with the trunk
      - Six points are on the chest wall
        
        V4: at the left 5th intercostal space at the mid clavicular line
        
        V2: at the left 4th intercostal space near the sternum
        
        V5: at the left 5th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line
        
        V1: at the right 4th intercostal space near the sternum
        
        V6: at the left 5th intercostal space at the mid axillary line
        
        V3: midway between V2 and V4
    - - Lead II: records the potential between left leg and right arm
      - Lead III: records the potential between left leg and left arm
      - Lead I: records the potential between left arm and right arm
  - - - Ventricular depolarization
    - - Plateau phase
    - - AV delay
    - - Ventricular repolarization
    - - Atrial depolarization
- - - - increase R.A volume
      - increase R.A pressure
        
        pulmonary venous pressure
        
        pulmonary edema
  - - - back-flow of the blood
    - - pulmonary edema
        
        left sided heart failure
      - lower cardiac output