Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

DERIVATION OF VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS FROM BIOMASS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Cotton Stalks
      - Rice Straw
      - Leaves
      - Cassava Roots
      - Fruit Peels
      - Rice Husks
      - Corn Cobs
      - Produce Biochar, Bio-oil, Syngas through thermochemical and biochemical conversion processes.
  - - - Biomass pellets as fuel for burning
  - - - Compost
        
        Increase soil fertility
      - Undergo anaerobic digestion of syngas for generation of electricity
        [Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure]
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333119292_Methods_for_the_Treatment_of_Cattle_Manure-A_Review
      - Undergo pyrolysis process to obtain biochar
        
        Soil fertility
    - - Gasification
        
        Produce fuel gas
        (Gasification + fluidized bed result in intense uniform circular mixing of particles)
      - Pyrolysis
        
        Fast pyrolysis
        
        Fuel gas : Usually Bio-oil
        
        Replace the use of fossil fuels
        
        Little amount of char
        
        Slow pyrolysis
        
        Bio-oil
        
        Hydrocracking of bio-oil to generate bio-diesel
        
        Biochar
        
        Can be used to increase soil fertility
        
        Use as burning materials : Briquettes
        
        Syngas
        
        Use as fuel to generate fuel & electricity
      - Organic fertilizer
        
        Drawbacks : high toxicity to animals and plants
        also depreciation of the product when overused.
- - - - Bio-oil
      - Methanol
    - - Syngas : Methanol & Hydrogen
  - - - Biogas
  - - - Ethanol
  - - - Biodiesel
  - - - Syngas
- - - - Burn in presence of air
      - 800 - 1000°C
      - Moisture content of biomass <50%
      - Mechanical & electrical energy
    - - Absence of O2
      - 500°C
      - Produce bio-oil, charcoal, biofuel gases
    - - 800 - 1000°C
      - Biomass ---> Flammable gases
    - - Low T : 250 - 350°C
      - High P : 100 - 200 bar
      - Involve catalyst
      - Obtain higher quality liquid yields
  - - - Organic material ---> Biogas (methane) + CO2 + H2S
      - Absence of oxygen
    - - Anaerobically break down Glucose ---> ethanol
      - Yeast is added aids production of ethanol + CO2 from sugars
      - Distilled & Dehydrate Ethanol = automotive fuel
- - - - Palm Bio-organic Fertilizer
      - Palm Dried Long Fiber (DLF)
      - Palm Kernel Shell (PKS)
      - Palm pellet
      - PKS Charcoal
    - - Gasification
      - Pelletization
      - Drying (Rotatory Dryer)
    - - Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) & Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
        
        Compost
      - Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)
        
        Dried Long Fiber (DLF)
        
        Syngas (Fuel gas) to supply heat
      - Palm based pellet
        
        Fuel for burning