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HEAVY METALS, Mercury, Arsenic, chronic exposure can result in birth…
HEAVY METALS
Impact
Pollution
Mercury
Arsenic
chronic exposure can result in birth defects, mental retardation, autism, psychosis, allergies, paralysis, weight loss, dyslexia, hyperactivity, muscular weakness, kidney damage, brain damage, coma and death
Water
Air
Soil
Iron
Cadmium
Lead
Chromium
734,000 tonnes of heavy metals are released into the atmosphere annually
Vehicular exhaust
Mining
Metallic commercial products
Smelting
Refining of metal
Burning fossil fuel
6,209,000 tonnes of heavy metals enter soil annually
Domestic sewage
Industrial effluents
Power plants
Atmospheric fallout.
1,108,000 tonnes of heavy metals are released into the water annually.
agricultural, animal and industrial waste
coal ashes
Fertilisers
Acute arsenic toxicity leads to the destruction of blood vessels and gastrointestinal tissue
Low-level exposure causes nausea, vomiting, reduced production of erythrocytes & leukocytes, and damage to blood vessels
Long-term exposure leads to skin lesions,
pulmonary disease, neurological problems, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
Chronic arsenic toxicity impacts on skin manifestations such as pigmentation and keratosis, and causes cancer
Acute exposure causes a headache, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, fatigue, sleeplessness, hallucinations, vertigo, renal dysfunction, hypertension, and arthritis
High-level exposure causes edema, disruption of the intracellular second messenger systems, and altering of the central nervous system's functions.
can cause renal dysfunction, kidney disease, disturbances in calcium metabolism, formation of renal stones, and hypercalciuria
Tobacco is the main source of cadmium uptake in smokers
1st stage
: commences 6 hours after the iron overdose. Gastrointestinal effects like vomiting, diarrhea and bleeding take place.
can cause testicular degeneration and prostate cancer.
Long-term exposure leads to its deposition in bones and lungs, therefore their damage. Cadmium can cause bone mineralization too.
extreme exposure results in severe cardiovascular, respiratory, hematological, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, and neurological effects (death too)
leads to the inhibition of erythrocyte glutathione reductase, lowering the capacity to reduce methemoglobin to hemoglobin.
causes irritation in the nose, anemia, irritations and ulcers in the small intestine & stomach, and damage to the male reproductive system.
allergies include severe redness and swelling of the skin.
Short-term exposure causes damage to the lungs, respiratory & stomach irritation, vomiting and diarrhea.
4th stage
: occurs in 2-6 weeks, where the development of strictures and formation of gastrointestinal ulcerations is present
3rd stage:
commences between 12 -96 hours, presenting hypotension, shocks, lethargy, hepatic necrosis, tachycardia, DNA damage,metabolic acidosis, or death
2nd stage
: occurs 6-24 h after, and is considered as a period of apparent medical recovery.
short-term exposure leads to depression, tremors, headache, fatigue, memory problems, hair loss, etc.
Mercury leads to tremors, shyness, irritability, memory problems and changes in hearing or vision.
Short-term exposure leads to vomiting, nausea, skin rashes, diarrhea, lung damage, high blood pressure, etc.
Mercury exposure to pregnant women can affect the fetus and offspring may suffer from mental retardation, cerebellar symptoms, retention of primitive reflexes, and malformation