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The development and derivation of value-added products from biomass…
The development and derivation of value-added products from biomass materials
Wood and herbaceous
Lignocellulose
mainly composed of 3 polymer group is cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin
By products as logging residues
cellulose and hemicellulose are sugar rich fractions of interest for use in fermentation process
Main product cut directly from trees and forests
example microorganisms use sugar for growth and production of value added compounds
In the form of forestry, agricultural and agro - industrial waste
Lignin
A natural macromolecule composed by p-propylphenolic units with methoxyl on the aromatic ring and between units.
Hydrophobic and highly resistant to chemical and biological degradation
An aromatic polymer synthesized from phenylpropanoid precursors
Herbaceous
C3 and C4 species (based on unique photosynthetic pathway)
Grasses and legumes, grasslands, under utilized species, forages, food crops example inclusive of by-products or residues
Governs yield t/ha/y
Primary production and existing amount of herbaceous biomass
Agricultural and wooden residues
volume of production
statistic on agricultural residues production
Residues produced in fields or farm during harvesting
from cereals, rhizomic corps, sugarcane
vegetable residues - large scale collection dufficult
types and features of agricultural
corn and rhizomic corps
leaves, stems, corncobs
sugarcane
cane tops, leaves, roots
rice and wheat
chaff and straw
wood residuals
Balance between resource saving through material recycling and fossil fuel saving by consuming wooden residuals for energy
wood - based carbon from sustainable forestry
amount harvested is less or equal to amount of growth
Densities of wood and wooden vary
Wooden composites (particle board, mdf,)
Carbon neutral wood
No rise in atmospheric CO2