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TEACHING LISTENING, Students:María Guadalupe Flores Huerta Rolando San…

- - - - Listening is a "one-way" process.
        
        Listening is an individual process
        
        Listening equals comprehension.
        
        Listening and speaking should be taught separately.
- - - - Advantages of integrating two or more skills
        
        Production and reception are two sides of the same coin.
        
        Interaction involves sending and receiving messages.
        
        By attending primarily to what learners can do with language, we invite any or all of the four skills that are relevant into the classroom arena.
        
        One skill will often reinforce another.
        
        Most of our natural language performance entails connections
- - - - Decoding auditory sounds
        
        Determining the function of the speech event
        
        Activating schemata
        
        Assigning literal meanings
        
        Assigning intended meaning
        
        Determining the demand for short or long-term memory
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Planned/rehearsed/spoken from a written text or notes
      - Spontaneous/impromptu/unplanned
    - - Interpersonal/social/conversational
      - Transactional/informational/factual
- - - - Retain chunks of language of different lengths in short-term memory
      - Discriminate among the distinctive sounds of English
      - Recognize reduced forms of words
    - - Recognize cohesive devices in spoken discourse
      - distinguish between literal and implied meanings
      - Infer situations, participants, goals using real-world knowledge
- - - - Learners repeat information back and drills are focused on pronunciation
    - - Imprint certain components in student’s mind
        Students notice a specified element
    - - Asking questions, giving commands, seeking clarification, checking comprehension
    - - Facts between long discourses, scan the material for certain information
    - - Global understanding, top-down
    - - listening must be integrated with speaking, learners participate actively