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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS, image, image, image, image, image,…
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
Economy and society
14th century, cereal farming, which the economy was based on, went into decline.
This became a source of conflict for those searching for alternatives.
Crown of Castilla
The exportation of wool was very important.
Catholic Monarchs received taxes from the wool trade
they gave numerous privileges to the association of shepherds that controlled this activity.
This association was called the Honrado Concejo de la Mesta
Transhumance livestock farming developed
the shepherds migrated with their flocks of sheep between seasons in search of new pastures
They migrated to the northern meseta in summer and headed south in winter.
The flocks travelled along paths protected by the crown called cañadas reales
In 1494
Burgos Consulate was founded
to control the exportation of wool from the Cantabrian ports (Bilbao and Santander) to the textile industries of Flanders and England...
The Spanish textile industry developed just enough to cover domestic demand
Agriculture suffered due to the increase in livestock farming.
amount of pasture land increased
replacing the land dedicated to growing crops.
In Andalucía, substantial vineyards and olive groves were maintained
During the 16th century, the main source of wealth was precious metals (gold and silver) from the Americas.
Crown of Aragón
the crisis of the 14th century provoked an increase in the abuses of the nobility
feudal abuses
These abuses were taxes
fines and other arbitrary measures
War of the Remences.
Ferdinand the Catholic' ended this conflic
stopping the feudal abuses of the nobility with the Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe in 1486.
Trade in the Mediterranean
benefitted from the incorporation of Italian territories into the Crown of Aragón
main ports
Valencia and Barcelona
Trade benefitted
shipbuilding and the textile industry
taxes or duties on foreign products
Art and culture
During the Catholic Monarchs' reign
new humanist and Renaissance ideas
Hispanic kingdoms
medieval traditions maintained their importance
The Spanish Renaissance
increasethw importance of the Castilian language
Antonio de Nebrija
was philologist and historian
published the first grammar of this language in 1492
The founding of new universities
the spread of the printing press
Cardinal Cisneros
founder of Alcalá de Henares University
financed the Complutensian Polyglot Bible
sacred text was written
Latin
Hebrew
Chaldean
to make it easier to identify errors in translation
Juan Luis Vives
The most important humanist
a converted Jew who went into exile to escape the Inquisition
spent the rest of his life in Flanders and England
was a follower of Erasmus of Rotterdam
proposed the creation of social services for the poor
and educational reforms
The Gothic artistic style was maintained.
the main Gothic works of art were commissioned by the Catholic Monarchs
Isabelline style' Isabelline Gothic, and Cardinal Cisneros, the Cisneros style
the Italian Domenico Fancelli
was a very important artist in sculpture
He sculpted the Tomb of the Catholic Monarchs in Granada
In painting
the works of Pedro Berruguete were greatly influenced by the Flemish style.
