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TOPIC 15 LATIN AMERICA NATIONAL STATES, 46 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Already in 1826, a rebellion led by the general José Antonio Páez showed the disagreement of the Venezuelans with the intrigues of Santander. Under the pretext of defending Bolivar was proclaimed, in November 1829, the separation of Great Colombia. In May 1830, the Constituent Congress was installed in Valencia. Thus was born JOSÉ ANTONIO PÁEZ the Republic of Venezuela, under the leadership of Páez, leader of the Conservative Party, formed by military chiefs of the War of independence, traders, and landowner.
    - - The struggles between warlords continued until the first constitutional government of Mariscal Ramón Castilla, who was able to restructure and order the state thanks to the economic bonanza generated by the export of guano from the coastal islands.
    - - The first of countless civil wars in this country began in 1839, against liberal president Marquez, and would last four years. In 1849, an epidemic of cholera killed some 20000 people from the Atlantic coast. In 1851 it was decreed the manumission of the slaves. The attempts to reform resulted in a new civil war, which the Conservatives won, so its constitution of 1886 abolished federalism, empowered the central government, and recognized the Catholic as a state religion. This conservative predominance in Colombia, known as "regeneration", lasted until the beginning of the twentieth century. The coffee boom started in 1850, and produced the colonization of Antioquia (capital Medellín).
    - - The territory of Upper Peru was constituted in an independent state with the name of Bolivia, in homage to the Liberator, who was appointed "Father of the Republic and Supreme Head of the State" (1825). ANTONIO JOSÉ DE SUCRE In 1829, the National Assembly named the president of Mariscal Andrés de Santa Cruz, who promoted the Peruvian-Bolivian confederation, a promising project that was destroyed in 1839 by the war that unleashed Chile and Argentina. Then came a period of anarchy, in which they occupied the power, among others, José Miguel de Velasco, president in four different opportunities, in the lapse of 20 years, and Joseph Ballivián (1841-47), who ordered the country, impelled the mining and defended Bolivia from Peru invasion in the Ingavi battle. The governing board of 1898, with Colonel José Manuel Pando at the front, moved the seat of the Presidency of the Republic of Sucre to El bienestar.