Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Industrialization Spreads - Coggle Diagram
Industrialization Spreads
Continental Europe Industrializes
Transformation of Society
Between 1700 and 1900, revolutions in agriculture, production, transportation, and communication changed the lives of people in Western Europe and the United States
The development of a middle class created great opportu nities for education and democratic participation. Greater democratic participation, in turn, fueled a powerful movement for social reform.
Rise of Global Inequality
Soon other European countries, the United States, Russia, and Japan followed Britain’s lead, seizing colonies for their eco nomic resources.
Industrialization widened the wealth gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized coun tries, even while it strengthened their economic ties
The Impact of Industrialization
Later Expansion of U.S. Industry
These included a wealth of natural resources, among them oil, coal, and iron; a burst of inventions, such as the electric light bulb and the telephone; and a swelling urban population that consumed the new manufactured goods.
Smaller companies joined together to form a
larger one.
The Northeast experienced much industrial
growth in the early 1800s.
The Rise of Corporations
A corporation is a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.
In the late 1800s, large corporations such as Standard Oil (founded by John D. Rockefeller) and the Carnegie Steel Company (founded by Andrew Carnegie) sprang up
To raise the money, entrepreneurs sold shares of stock, or certain
rights of ownership.
Industrial Development in the United States
Moses Brown opened the first factory in the United States to house Slater’s machines in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. But the Pawtucket factory mass-produced only one part of finished cloth, the thread.
In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell of Boston and four other investors revolutionized the American textile industry.When Lowell died, the remaining part ners named the town after him
In 1789, however, a young British mill worker named Samuel Slater emigrated to the United States. There, Slater built a spinning machine from memory and a partial design
Thousands of young single women flocked from their rural homes to work as
mill girls in factory towns.
America had fast-flowing rivers, rich deposits of coal and iron ore, and a supply of laborers made up of farm workers and immigrants. During the War of 1812, Britain blockaded the United States, trying to keep it from engaging in international trade.
The mill girls toiled more than
12 hours a day, 6 days a week, for decent wages
Industrial Development in the United States
Germany Industrializes
Most important, Germany built railroads that linked its growing manufacturing cities, such as Frankfurt, with the Ruhr Valley’s coal and iron ore deposits.
Beginning around
1835, Germany began to copy the British model.
Expansion Elsewhere in Europe
A thriving national market for new French products was created after 1850, when the government began rail road construction.
Bohemia developed a spinning industry. Spain’s Catalonia processed more cotton than Belgium. Northern Italy mechanized its textile production, spe cializing in silk spinning.
Beginnings in Belgium
Samuel Slater had smuggled the design of a spinning machine to the United States. Much like him, a Lancashire carpenter named William Cockerill illegally made his way to Belgium in 1799.
It produced a vari ety of mechanical equipment, including steam engines and railway locomotives.
Belgium led Europe in adopting
Britain’s new technology.