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CH7 S1-3 By: Ana María González, streufeld1, mag-field, GettyImages…
CH7 S1-3
By: Ana María González
Section 1: Magnetism
Important subjects of the section:
Magnetic Poles:
The magnetic poles are the two ends of a magnet which are where the magnetic force exerts more strength. One will be the positive pole and another will be the negative pole. Opposite poles attract each other and like poles will repel each other.
Magnetic Field:
The magnetic field is the field that surrounds the magnet and will exert a force on other objects when they are close. Either to repel or attract. The magnetic field will have a stronger impact when the items are closer to it.
Magnetic Domains:
The magnetic domain is when a group of attoms have its magnetic poles aligned and facing the same direction. This means that they are all straight and facing the same way.
Magnetic Force:
The magnetic force is the force that will act to repel or attract the items near the magnet depending on the position of their poles.
Magnetic Materials:
Magnetic materials are materials such as iron, cobalt, and nickel where the electrons in the atom do not cancel out. This makes each atom work as a small magnet.
Magnets:
Magnets are substances that have the ability to attract or repel other magnetic materials depending on what part of each other is near. Magnetism is the name given to the interaction between magnets and the properties they have.
Real-life examples:
1)Some types of magnets are horseshoe magnets, disk magnets, and a bar magnet.
2) A nail while not a permanent magnet can work as a magnet when close to a permanent magnet because its domains align.
Section 2:
Electricty and Magnetism
Important subjects of the section:
Electromagnets:
Electromagnets are an object that uses a solenoid wrapped around an iron core (or a magnetic material) to have a magnetic field and electric current passing through. They are useful to create objects we use every day.
electric current + magnetism = electromagnetism:
Electromagnetism is considered the relationship between electric current (electricity flowing in a machine/item) and magnetism (the use of permanent magnets or magnetic materials). This relationship is helpful in many ways because it lets many machines we use, work.
How to increase the magnetic field:
There are four ways to increase the magnetic field in electromagnets/solenoids. 1) Increase the current. 2) increase the number of loops of the solenoid. 3) Reduce the amount of space between loops keeping the number of loops.4) Place a magnetic material inside teh solenoid.
Real life examples of using electromagnets:
galavanometers:
A galvanometer is the tool taht will measure the electric current by the usage of an electromagnet. For example, in a fuel gauge is a galvanometer.
electric motors:
Are the machines that will change the electrical energy into mechanical energy. Some examples are: a fan in a computer, the blender, the refrigirator, etc.
sound:
to make sound electromagnets will vibrate because of the change of direction and current in the object. The electromagnet changes electrical energy into mechanical energy. For example, a speaker, the vibrations in the speaker cone are caused by the mechanical energy that came from the electrical energy coming through the electromagnet.
Section 3:
Producing Electric Current
Important subjects of the section:
DC & AC:
DC or direct current is the current that will flow in only one direction and can be found in batteries. Meanwhile, AC or alternating current is the current that changes directions (can be found when plugging something into a wall outlet). Generators can be made with either current and will work according to the characteristics of the current.
Electric motors vs generators:
The main difference between these two machines is that, while electric motors convert electrical energy to mechanical, generators do the opposite. They turn mechanical energy into electrical energy. They are similar because they both have relations with electrical and mechanical energy and are used to change different types of energy.
Generators:
Generators are the machines that will change mechanical energy into electrical energy. In a simple generator, a hand will move a handle transferring mechanical energy that will then turn a coil into a permanent magnet and create current flow.
transformers:
Transformers are the tools that will either increase or decrease the AC so that the object using the current has the appropriate amount. There are two types of transformers: Step up (it increases the current) and step down (decreases the current).
Electromagnetic Induction:
Electromagnetic induction is known as the event when an electric current is created by a magnetic field that is changing.
transmitting electrical energy:
Electrical energy can travel to wires where some energy is released as heat because of the resistance. A longer wire will release more heat because of more electrical resistance.
Real Life examples:
Some real-life examples of sources that produce electricity are Windmills, electric power plants, solar panels, etc.
