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THE SPANISH HABSBURG DYNASTY, carlos and Felipe, the tercio, Fleet…
THE SPANISH
HABSBURG DYNASTY
THE RELIGIOUS WARS
Monarchs
They attempted to exert
absolute political authority
They maintained and expanded the a
dministrative system
which consisted of different COUNCILS
(established by the Catholic Monarchs)
OBJECTIVES
TO RETAIN THEIR
TERRITORIAL PATRIMONY
Numerous wars
against other kingdoms
They became
indebted to Italian and German bankers
TO DEFEND CATHOLICISM
Measures to preserve
RELIGIOUS UNITY
DOMESTIC POLICY:
DISCRIMINATORY
Repression of humanists and protestants
Publication of the
Index of forbiddden books
Limpieza de sangre
(purity of blood)
to prevent the conversos from gaining
access to public positions
OUTSIDE SPAIN
They waged religiously motivated
wars
against the Protestant States
REIGNS
Carlos V, or Carlos I of Spain
reigned from 1516 to 1556
Felipe II
reigned from 1556 to 1598
The Spanih monarchy achieved
MILITARY SUPREMACY
Large army of professional mercenary soldiers
The
TERCIO
Varios types of soldiers
PIKEMEN
who attacked the cavalry charges with pikes
ARQUEBUSIERS
who fired guns from close range
MUSKETEERS
who fired from medium range
Constantly on the move
between
the Mediterranean
and central Europe
Spanish road
Various enclaves between
Italy and the Low Countries
Infantry that marched in a closed formation
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
IN THE 16TH CENTURY
The
port of Sevilla
monopolised trade
with the colonies through the
Casa de Contratación
Felipe II organised a
fleet system
to protect the ships against the pirate attacks
voyages
between the Americas and Sevilla
made in groups escorted by warships
The economy PROSPERED due to
the RICHES obtained FROM AMERICAS
gold
silver
The arrival of precious metals
Enriched the nobility
they bought luxury products
they did not invest in production
the
population became poorer
The
craft industry began to grow
but
rise in prices
made Spanish products more expensive
it became cheaper to buy them abroad
due to an
increase in demand from the American territories
To begin
more
expensive projects
When resources ran out
Increase of taxes
collected from
the peasants
the bourgeoisie
the nobility and the Church
did not have to pay them
The
economy
continued to be
based on agriculture
Majority of the
population
became extremely
vulnerable
to finance the numerous wars
throughout Europe
End of the 16th century
The Spanish
ECONOMY went into DECLINE
Only small craft industries
(which supplied domestic demand) were able to
survive
The
major industries
Castilian WOOL industry
Crown of Aragon's TEXTILE industry
could not compete
with those from
abroad
The fall in production
also affected trade
fewer raw materials were bought and sold
the number of products manufactured decreased
The number of
people
who
had to beg to survive
increased
Many
people joined the clergy to escape poverty
In the 16th century
the Spanish monarchy became
the most powerful in Europe
