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TYPES OF ORGANIC REACTION - Coggle Diagram
TYPES OF ORGANIC REACTION
ADDITION
Electrophilic
Happens with alkenes
Nucleophilic
Happens with aldehydes and ketones
Two molecules reacting together to form a single product
ELIMINATION
A small molecule is removed (eg. HCl or H2O is removed from a larger one, leaving an unsaturated molecule
Alcohols undergo elimination reactions to form alkenes
Haloalkanes undergo elimination reactions to form alkenes
CONDENSATION
Two molecules react together to form a larger molecule, and a small molecule (eg. HCl or H2O) is removed
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters in condensation reactions (esterification)
Acyl chlorides, alcohols and amines also undergo condensation reactions to form polyesters
SUBSITUTION
One group of atoms take the place of another
Nucleophilic
Alkanes → Haloalkanes
Hydrogen Halides + Alcohols → Haloalkanes
Electrophilic
Substitution on aromatic ring
OXIDATION
Oxygen atoms are gained and/or hydrogen atoms are lost
Primary alcohols to aldehydes and carboxylic acids
Secondary alcohols to ketones
Aldehydes to carboxylic acids
REDUCTION
Oxygen atoms are lost and/or hydrogen atoms are gained
Aldehydes are reduced to primary alcohols by NaBH4
Ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols by NaBH4
Nitro groups are reduced to amine groups
HYDROLYSIS
Bonds are broken by water (OH- ions may appear in the equations of base-catalysed reactions)
Acid Hydrolysis
Acid hydrolysis of nitriles produces carboxylic acids and ammonium salts
Acid hydrolysis of amides produces carboxylic acids and ammonium sakts
Acid hydrolysis of esters produces its constituent carboxylic acids and esters
Alkali Hydrolysis
Alkali hydrolysis of nitriles produces carboxylate salts and ammonia
Alkali hydrolysis of amides produces a carboxylate salt and ammonia
Alkali hydrolysis of esters produces a carboxylate salt and an alcohol
Alkali hydrolysis of haloalkanes produces an alcohol and hydrogen halide
