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GERIATRIC SYNDROME, dropped image link - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Normal aging is characterised by a decrease in bone and muscle mass and an increase in adiposity. A decline in muscle mass and a reduction in muscle strength lead to risk of fractures, frailty, reduction in the quality of life and loss of independence.
    - - Vision
        Changes occur in central processing and in the components of the eye.
      - Hearing
        Ageing causes conductive and sensory hearing losses (presbycusis); the loss is primarily high tones, making consonants in speech difficult to discriminate.
      - Taste acuity
        Taste acuity does not diminish but salt detection declines. Perception of sweet is unchanged and bitter is exaggerated. The salivary glands get affected, and the volume and quality of saliva diminish. All changes combine to make eating less interesting .
      - Smell
        Hyposmia (reduced ability to smell and to detect odours) is also observed with normal ageing.
      - Touch
        sense of touch often declines due to skin changes and reduced blood circulation to touch receptors or to the brain and spinal cord. Minor dietary deficiencies such as the deficiency of thiamine may also be a cause of changes.
    - - Ageing is associated with many neurological disorders, as the capacity of the brain to transmit signals and communicate reduces. Loss of brain function is the biggest fear among elderly which includes loss of the very persona from dementia (usually Alzheimer’s disease).