The problem is how to account for the fact that, in the realm of ideas, meaning, value, conceptions, and consciousness, men can “experience” them- selves in ways which do not fully correspond with their real situation. How can men be said to have a “false” consciousness of how they stand or relate to the real conditions of their life and production? Can language, the medium through which human culture in the “anthropological sense” is transmitted, also become the instrument through which it is “distorted”? … Can language become the instrument by which men elaborate accounts and explanations, make sense of and become conscious of their “world,” which also binds and fetters, rather than frees them? How can thought conceal aspects of their real conditions rather than clarify them? In short, how can we account for the fact that “in all ideol- ogy,” men (who are the “producers of their consciousness, ideas, etc.”) and their circumstances are mystified, “appear upside down as in a camera obscura”? (Culture, the Media, and the “Ideological Effect,” 303-304)