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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS - Coggle Diagram
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
Economy and society
Crown of Castilla
In 1494, Burgos Consulate was founded to control the exportation of wool from the Cantabrian ports to the textile industries of Flanders and England, among others.
The Spanish textile industry developed just enough to cover domestic demand.
The flocks travelled along paths protected by the crown called cañadas reales
Agriculture suffered due to the increase in livestock farming. The amount of pasture land increased, replacing the land dedicated to growing crops.
The exportation of wool was very important. Transhumance livestock farming developed, meaning the shepherds migrated with their flocks of sheep between seasons in search of new pastures.
Crown of Aragon
Ferdinand the Catholic' ended this conflict by stopping the feudal abuses of the nobility with the Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe in 1486.
Trade in the Mediterranean benefitted from the incorporation of Italian territories into the Crown of Aragón.
Valencia
Barcelona
These abuses were taxes, fines and other arbitrary measures imposed by the feudal lords and led to a peasant uprising called the War of the Remences.
The monarchs protected local industries by placing taxes or duties on foreign products.
As in Castilla, the crisis of the 14th century provoked an increase in the abuses of the nobility, known as feudal abuses' as the number of available resources declined.
After the serious economic and demographic crises of the 14th century, cereal farming, which the economy was based on, went into decline.
Art and culture
Spanish renaissance characteristics
The increase in the importance of the Castilian language. The philologist and historian Antonio de Nebrija published the first grammar of this language in 1492.
The founding of new universities and the spread of the printing press. Cardinal Cisneros, the founder of Alcalá de Henares University, financed the Complutensian Polyglot Bible. The sacred text was written in four languages: Latin, Greek, Hebrew and Chaldean, to make it easier to identify errors in translation.
The most important humanist was Juan Luis Vives, a converted Jew who went into exile to escape the Inquisition and spent the rest of his life in Flanders and England. He was a follower of Erasmus of Rotterdam and proposed the creation of social services for the poor and educational reforms.
The Gothic artistic style was maintained.
In architecture, the main Gothic works of art were commissioned by the Catholic Monarchs, the Isabelline style' (Isabelline Gothic), and Cardinal Cisneros, the Cisneros style'.
In sculpture, the Italian Domenico Fancelli was a very important artist. He sculpted the Tomb of the Catholic Monarchs in Granada.
In painting, the works of Pedro Berruguete were greatly influenced by the Flemish style.
During the Catholic Monarchs' reign, new humanist and Renaissance ideas spread from Europe, although in the Hispanic kingdoms medieval traditions maintained their importance.
