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Great Andean civilizations - Coggle Diagram
Great Andean civilizations
COMMON CHARACTERISITCS
The Andean cultures differ from those of Mesoamerica in a few characteristics:
They had besides the corn, another great food source, the tubers, especially the potato, unknown in Mesoamerica.
2- They used the digging stick and the taclla (Andean standing plow).
3- They had llamas and alpacas that provided wool, meat and means of loading, which did not exist in Mesoamerica.
4- They made intensive use of terraces and platforms on the hillsides.
5- They applied dehydration techniques (such as chuño or "chuna potato" and stuffed llama meat charki) and food storage (silos dug into the ground).
CHAVIN CULTURE
Its most famous archaeological ruin is the city of Chavin de Huantar, built around 900 B.C.
Their religion was presided by shamans
Ceremonies consumed hallucinogens (cactus, herbs or barks).
They imported Spondylus shell from the Ecuadorian coast through caravans of merchants.
MOCHE OR MOCHICA EMPIRE
Their religion was based on terror, because their Gods always appeared decapitating people
The main decapitator was AL APAEC, supreme god.
The king, the high priest and the shamans decapitated the prisoners as a gift to the Gods.
Its pottery represents people and animals and their punishing Gods.
NAZCA CULTURE
Appeared from I to the VI century on the south coast of Peru.
Extended to the Sierra region
Bring water from the mountains for more than 40 aqueducts
Underground aqueducts to avoid evaporation.
Made lines in the Nazca pampas
Figures of men, animals and plants.
TIAHUANACO CULTURE
It lasted two and a half millennium, from 1500 B.C. to 950 A. D, and it collapsed suddenly.
Its capital was Tiahuanaco
Its territory included almost all the Andean Altiplano to the Pacific Ocean coast (current Bolivia, Peru and Chile)
Pioneer in Bronze production, which gave it great military advantage.
Joint empire with the Wari empire.
WARI EMPIRE
Center of the Andes from 600 to 1200 AD.
Alliance with Tiahuanaco turned the Empire into a very extensive political unit.
From VII to X century
Its population reached 70,000 people.
In the XI century this empire suddenly collapsed.
CHIMU EMPIRE
When the Wari empire fell, the Chimor emerged
Located at the north part of what is now Peru.
Its rulers were treated like Gods
Chanchan: largest adobe city in the world
They used bronze coins “hachitas”
Were defeated by the Incas.
