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The Nervous System Maria Fernandez P.3, Reflex arc and nerve impulse,…
The Nervous System
Maria Fernandez
P.3
Neurons
Types of Neuron
Sensory
transmits impulses from CNS to all part of body
Motor
Transmits impulses away from CNS
Internueron
transmits impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
Neurolglia, nerves, nerve coverings
Nerves
nerve
Bundles of peripheral axon in the PNS
tract
Bundle of central axons on the CNS
white matter
Tissue composed primarily of myelinated axons
Gray matter
Tissue composed primarily of cell bodies
nerve coverings
Endonerium
surrounds individual fibers within the nerve
fascicles
group of nerve fibers around axon
Perineurium
surrounds a group of nerve fibers (surrounds fascicles
Epineurium
surrounds entire nerve
Types of Neuroglia
Astrocytes
anchor neurons close to blood vessels
contain and pass concentration
maintain blood and brain barrier
protects neurons from harm
Oligodendroctes
insulate nerve fibers by producing the myelin sheath
Ependymal cell
forms the CSF
Microglia
dispose of debris
Functions and divisions
Different types of functions
Sensory Function
Intergrative function
motor functions
Different division
Peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
Spinal cord structure, functions, and 12 cranial nerves
Cranial nerves
I. Olfactory
sensory nerve that functions in the sense of smell
II. Optic
arises from retina of the eye and functions in vision
III.Oculomotor
mostly moron function most of muscles of eye, eylid and and pupillary area
IV. Trochlear
superior oblique muscles of eye
V.Trigenial
motor nerve and is in function in chewing, sensory skin of face
VI.abducens
lateral rectus eye muscles abducts eye
VII. Facial
motor to muscles of facial expression, sensory taste
IX. Glosophyngeal
motor-secretion of saliva, sensory taste, regulation of blood pressure and involved in the muscles that work with swallowing
X. Vagus
smooth muscle contractions and relaxation, secretion go digestive fluids, heart, lungs
Accessory
swallowing and movements of head, sensory- proprioception
XII. Hypoglocsal
movements of tongue during speech
Different types of tracts
Tract
Nerve in CNS
Ascending tract
carry motor information from the brain to the rest of the body
Descending Tract
Carry sensory information
Major Function
to transmit impulses to and from the brain
white matter tact serves as information highways to and from the brain
to house and spinal reflexes
grey matter receives and integrates information especially for spinal reflexes
structures
Gray matter
inside gray matter
unmyelinated forms of "H" in center
Grey commissure where fibers cross from side to side
White matter
inside white matter
Myelinated Nerve fibers
butterfly shaped core
central canal that contains the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Reflex arc and nerve impulse
Types of reflexes
spinal
signal travel through spine
cranial
signals travel through brainstem
Parts of reflex arc
sensory receptor
sensory/afferent neuron
synapse/interneuron
motor/eferent neuron
effector
types of potentials
resting membrane potential
nerve at rest or inactive it is normally at -70mv
potential changes
action potential
nerve impulses is transmitted during action potential
Types of responses
all or none response
nerve will or will not generate nerve impulses
summation
occurs when another stimulus of the same type arrives before effects of the first stimulus
graded response
stonier stimulus stronger response will be
refectory eriod
time during which no stimulus can cause anaother action potential
Types of conductions
continuous conduction- unmyelinated axon conducts on impulse over its entire surface
Saltory conduction- myelinated axon "jumps" from one node to next much faster
Structure
Types of neuron structures
Multipolar
Many dendrites on axon
bipolar
one dendrite, one axon
unipolar
Fused axon and dendrite
Axon
Attaches to Synaptic cleft
End bulbs
Synaptic Vesicles
Neuron Transmitters
Dendrite
Receives impulse from cell body
myelin
Cell Body
Metabolic center