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Nervous System Soely Collazo Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System Soely Collazo Period 5
made up of 2 major cell types
Neuroglia
don't really electrical impulses
can become cancerous
support neurons
don't lose ability to divide
Neurons
classified as
bipolar
one dendrite
one axon
unipolar
fused axon
fused dendrite
multipolar
one axon
many dendrites
consist of
dendrite
cell body
axon
support by neuroglia
types
oligodendrocytes
insulate nerve fibers
most common
microglia
dispose of debris
small and are phagocytes
astrocytes
control ion, nutrient, and gas concentrations
maintain blood
star shaped
Schwann cell
supply myelin sheathes
aids in the regrowth of damaged peripheral axons
satellite cell
flattened cells
protective cell
ganglia
ependymal cells
form CSF
line cavities of brain and spinal cord
functions
guiding development
stimulation and maintance
act in support
don't transmit impulse
types
efferent neurons
transmit impulses away from CNS to effectors
muscle and glandular epithelial tissues
central neurons
transmit impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
multipolar in CNS
afferent neurons
unipolar, bipolar
dendrites in contact with sense organs
transmit impulses to CNS
send action potentials travel along axon
action potential
depolarization
threshold
hyperpolarization
resting membrane potential
repolarization
meet at synapses via neurotransmitters
presynaptic neuron
postsynaptic neuron
Divided into
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Functions
Cranial nerves carry impulses to and from cranium
Spinal never carry impulses to and from spinal cord
divided into
Sensory Nerves
affected by the environment
interneuron nerves that are connect sensory nerves to motor nerves
Relay information from skin
Motor Nerves
Carry impulses from CNS to organs
Cause an effect or response
2 types
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Sense and respond to external environment
Conscious voluntary control part of PNS
Brings info from skin
Automatic Nervous System (ANS)
Respond to internal environment
Divided into
Sympathetic Nervous System
Emergency or non-normal situations
"Fight or flight"
Parasympathetic Nervous System
"Feed and breed"
normal everyday situations
Automatic, unconscious, involuntary control
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Functions
Receive incoming information
Issue instructions
Integration of information
Thoughts and emotions generated
Composed of
Spinal cord
consists of
nerves
Dorsal Roots
Fibers come from sensory neurons
Sensory fibers
Ventral roots
Fibers come from ventral horn motor
motor efferent fibers
31 segments
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
8 cervical
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
Structure
Long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue
Extends from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region
Encloses the central canal of the spinal cord
Brain
Structure
White matter
Divided into columns
lateral white column
anterior white column
Tract: nerve in CNS
ascending tract
descending tract
Functions
Transmit impulses to and from the brain
House spinal reflexes
Gray matter
Forms an "H" in center
Divided into horns
Posterior/dorsal horns
Lateral horns
Anterior/ventral horns
Central canal
Cranial Nerves
lV(Trochlear)
V (Trigeminal)
Vl (Abducens)
lll (Oculomotor)
Vll (Facial)
lX (Glossopharyngeal)
ll (Optic)
X (Vagus)
I (Olfactory)
Xl (Accessory)
Xll (Hypoglossal)
functions in
Integrative function
analizes sensory information
make decisions regarding appropriate behaviors
Motor functions
may responds to stimuli by muscular contractions
muscles or glands are called effectors
Sensory function
detects changes within and outside the body
Reflex arc
Nerve pathway of a reflex response
Synapse/interneuron integration center
connection between sensory and motor neuron
Motor/efferent neuron
delivers response to target organs
Sensory/afferent neuron
sends signal to CNS
Sensory/receptor
afferent nerve ending detects stimulus
Effector
target organ responds to signal