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Masculinity in Development - Coggle Diagram
Masculinity in Development
Masculinities and Men (Overview)
Hegemonic masculinity creates a hierarchy and can be harmful to women as well as men
Sexuality, intimacy, violence, and trauma are all mens issues that are slowly coming into the conversation about masculinity
1994 ICPD and the Join United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS both empowered men to care about women's issues and wanted them to be better advocates, as well as help in the prevention of STI's
policies and grassroots organizations want to pair with men to address gender inequity; there is a need for men to be more engaged in activism because they have a position of power in society. Both good to know before diving deeper into readings
Status quo in Uganda
Uganda suffered dual colonization and only received independence in 1962; the new regime is highly militarized and brutal
hegemonic masculinity is established and anyone who is less than that falls in the hierarchy; dysfunctional social dynamic persist when crimes like rape happen because women are traumatized alongside men
Masculinity is a social construct, as well as a political weapon
Church and State
LGBTQI organizations came out in protest for better treatment and formed alliances across Uganda. This threatened the church because they argued that "God made them that way"
Ugandan military uniforms were worn by men, women, and parliament as a statement of masculinity and strength and wanted everyone to associate this with power
Ugandan Christianity and presidential leadership all expressed homophobic sentiments to the entire country- even notable public figures wanted members of Parliament to condemn it entirely
high militarization limits accountability and intersectionality for men, hegemonic masculinity also makes it hard to curb the HIV/AIDS epidemic if no one can identify men who have sex with men
Neo-colonialism in Uganda
when interventionists work with men, they do it to address women's problems- the biggest being men
There is a lot of focus on changing individual behaviors, rather than changing social and political forces that shape such behaviors
Hegemonic, oversimplified explanations by NGO's don't leave room for different types of maculintiies, this assumes there is only one "right" way to go about it
Key leaders in Uganda assume that homosexuality is strictly a Western construct and a neo-colonial imposition- this further alienates sexual minorities
In efforts to amplify women's voices and struggles, there is a narrative of "strong, powerful men" and "weak women"; this leaves women thinking they are less than and men have no room to be vulnerable and have their own issues
Masculinity in India
Indian leaders wanted to fight for women's rights through marriage rights and practices and then moved into education
colonialism plagues India with white men seeing themselves as enlightened and to rescue brown women from brown men
Women's voices were overshadowed by men at the time advocating for their rights and issues and were objectified for debate between men
supportive practices are good for men to join the fight, but they can tend to overshadow women's voices