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37 LITERARY LANGUAGE. LITERARY GENRES. LITERARY CRITICISM - Coggle Diagram
37
LITERARY LANGUAGE. LITERARY GENRES. LITERARY CRITICISM
Literary language
: shows a greater concentration of features thought of as literary, deliberately arranged and controlled (metre, formal rhythm, multiple meaning, word association, tropes, figures of speech)
Stylistic approaches
Top down
:begin with the broadest possible statements and then study particular aspects of the language in detail
Bottom up
: begin with the smallest features felt to be distinctively used in a work and proceed to build up more complex patterns of use
Figurative language
Figures of thought / tropes
: deviations from the ordinary or principal signification of a word
Reference to one thing as another:
metaphor, analogy, metonymy, personification, simile
Word plays or puns:
onomatopoeia, paronomasia, sylllepsis
Hyperbole, litote, understatement
Semantic inversions:
irony, oxymoron, paradox, rhetorical questions
Rhetorical figures
: deviations from the ordinary arrangement of words (
alliteration, anaphora, antithesis, assonance, chiasmus, climax, ellipsis, parallelism, parenthesis
)
Literary genres
: a recurring type of literature or a literary form
Narrative
: a series of fictional events carried out by one or more characters, presented through the use of a narrator
Fairy tale
: short prose narration of the extraordinary actions by a hero
Romance
: narration which shows an imaginary and idealised world
Epic poem
: long narration in verse written in praise of the achievement of national heroes
Ballad
: epic poem typical of the 15th and 16th centuries
Novel
: prose story of a certain length, in which a narrator presents the events of a number of human characters developed in a realistic setting
Poetry
: fiction in verse
Sonnet
: poem of 14 lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and a specific structure
Hymn / Anthem
: full of praise for God or full of patriotism
Song
: poem full of admiration based on the theme of love
Elegy
: expresses pain, grief, loss or absence of a love
Ode
: makes one reflect and meditate on the wider aspects of life
Satire
: burlesque and ridiculing criticism of censorship
Epitaph
: short poem engraved on a tomb
Drama
: fictional communication in process intended to be enacted
Drama
: great deal of conflict caused by high passions
Tragedy
: serious and important actions of high standing people that eventually spell disaster. Divine intervention
Comedy
: ridiculous parodying of customs, conflicts, people and situations
Religious, popular customs, musicals (opera)
Literary criticism
: study of works of literature
Structuralism
: literary texts are constituted of other conventions and texts. A literary text is a system of structures
Post-structuralism and Marxist Literary Theories
: literary and other uses of language are focused on words. The reader plays a major part in producing meaning
New criticism
: detailed textual analysis of poetry
Formalism
: inseparable unity of form and content. Distinction between "plot" and "story"
Feminist criticism
: women are free to write equally with men and to give full expression to their distinctive experience
New Historicism
: examination of texts in relation to their historical background as to gain insight into past societies