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APUSH Midterm - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Goods and other products were exchanged and traded between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The Middle Passage was the triangular trading routes where African Americans were transported to the Americas (Atlantic Slave trade), raw goods were brought from the Americas to Europe, and manufactured googs went from Europe to the Americas. African Americans that were transported as slaves would go on huge ships through the Middle PAssage. They would be extremely crowed and often would get sick and die. Americans tried to assimilate Africnan Americans into their communities but in a different way than the usual. They used slaves as a work force and not necessarily to create a diverse environemnt.
        
        Comparison:
        Just like settlers in the colonies fought with Indians for resources and trade with other countries, Nativist tried to limit the powers of Irish and German immigrants. They both believed that other groups of people seeked to take what was theirs (a sense of ownership).
  - - - Immigrants began to settle and live on the West coast of the United States and worked in gold mines and farms. Irish immgrants lived in the Northeast and became Catholics while Germans settled in places near the midwest as farmers ect. Nativism became really popular once immigrants populated these areas. Nativism is the dislike of foreing people. Nativists groups were formed to limit the rights of foreigners. The Know-Nothing party emerged because of nativism and it sought to stop Catholics from being involved in political matters as well as slow down the rate of naturalization.
- - - - The American Revolution was a war between the British and its colonies. Problems werealready starting to surge among them and the English governemnt couln't control the settlers. They passed various acts like the Tea Act of May 1773 and the Townshend Act of 1767. Instead of giving in, the settlers resisted all of the acts. They participated in riots and boycotts like the Boston Tea Party (Patriots were disguiesed as Indians and threw the taxed tea into the ocean). As a resul, Paliament passed the Coercive Acts in order to make Bostonians pay for all of the tea. This was only a few of the leading events towards the American Revolution. In 1775, General Thomas Gage was ordered to send British soldiers to capture colonial leaders. However, Paul Revere had already told Patriots in many places and they also prepared to fight back. By the end, 73 British soldiers were dead. This was another conflict that lead to the bigger picture of the American Revolutionary War. George Washington was chosen to lead the Continental army. Even though the British soldiers had more experience and better resources, the Patriots won the war since they had home advantage and good leadership. Thomas Jefferson mostly wrote the Declaration of Independence to establish their victory and independece from Great Britain.
        
        Continuity and Change:
        The fight for Independence inspired the colonists to seek for a governemnt that best suited their nation. They were free to make their own ties with other countries without the permission of Great Britain. The ideas presented in the Revolutionary War made the settlers encouraged new beliefs, political affairs, and social structures. Even though they continued to struggle, they created constitutions to protect the rights of the people, avoiding any overpowerful forms of government. The US also kept expanding their territory along the west coast for many years to reach their goal of Manifest Destiny.
  - - - During the 1840s, citizens were adopting the belief of Manifest Destiny where America strived to gain more territory. The Mexican War 91846-1848) allowed Americans to obtain about ⅓ of Mexico’s entire territory. America’s new annexation of Texas, which was known as the Republic of Texas, triggered this war. Both nation were involved in the debate whether the border of Texas was on the Rio Grande, which was American territory, or on the Nueces River; Mexican claim. This led to a catastrophe where Colonel Cross disappeared while riding up to the border. The concept of manifest destiny was that Americans believed that it was inevitable and right to expand their territory to the farthest west coast since they had been chosen to do so. Defeation Mexicans and getting their land would satisfy their belief of westward expansion.
        
        Primary Source:
        
        Link Title
        
        HIPP #1: Intended Audience
        This source was intended to clear up the new borders of the US and Mexico. After the Mexican American War, Mexico gave up most of its territory because of their loss in the war. For that matter, this document would inform both Americans and Mexican people.
        
        HIPP #2: Purpose
        This source was signed on 1848 declaring the end of the Mexican American War. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago made amends between the US and Mexico, stating that Mexico would give up the territory acquired and that the border would be at Rio Grande. That makes this document significant since it established the bounderies of the two nations.
- - - - Durin Spanish exploration, native americans were forced to work on platation and mines. That gave birth to the enconmienda system, which was created by Nicolas de Ovando. They used this form of labor to extract gold and silver from mines using Native Americans. In due course, the enconmienda system was replaced by African slavery. In oder to do so, Europeans teamed with West African groups to bring Afrcan Americans by force to the Americas as a labor source. Eventually, the Spanish created the Caste (casta) system to clarify the status of Natives, Europeans, and Africans.
        
        Causation:
        As different groups migrated and lived in North America, different societies and customs surged in oder to make their empire unique. Theses differences came about through their adaptation and innovations of agriculture, trade, governemnt, and social structures.
  - - - In the 19th century, the Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that brough many reform movements with it. They had camp meetings where thousands of people would gather. Charles G. Finney was a very important person who preached to all of the people who assited these gatherings. Their goal was to get people to welcome God into their lives while rejecting the affairs of the world and rationalism. They no longer believed in predestination instead, faith was enough to have a meaningful relationship with God. Many women actually participated in the Second Great Awakening, influencing reforms such as temperance, asylum reforms, eduction, abolishonists movement, and prison reforms. For example, the temperance reform was a movement against excessive alcohol and drunkness. They founded the American Temperance Society led by Lyman Beecher. These social reforms impacted social structures because it changed the way many corupt systems and it gave the opportunity, mostly for women, to partipate in important matters.
- - - - The British were the first to use what was called, mercantilism. Mercantilism was a system in which one was always benefiting from trade. For instance, Queen Elizabeth once minimized the import of textile production and increased the exports so she could have more opportunities at greater trading ports. This technique also caused gold and silver to be more abundant in England, making them grow economically. It was a sense of 'producing goods for a low cost while selling them for twice as much.'
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        The British colonies also held there strategies when it came to trading but Britain control began to overweight their wishes. English ministers belived that they had full contol over the policies and regulations in the colonies. It turned out that they really did not have everything under control as expected. They wanted goods to be transported to England in English ships. It so happened that Dutch and French shippers were buying goods from the colonies and bring it to other countries (they were making profit). As an act of resistance, the English imposed the Navigation Act of 1651, which stated that products could only be transported by English or colonial ships. The English government imposed a few more policies as a way to govern the American settlements and regulate their exchange methods.
        
        Primary Source:
        “Be it enacted ... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations ... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only ... under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods.” — English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696
        Link Title
        
        HIPP #1: Intended Audience
        This source was created for the settlers living in the British colonies in America. This was a time period where Britain felt the need to fully control the colonies so they imposed the Navigation Act of 1696. That makes this document extremely realiable because it comes from the English ministers that were in charge of British ships and trade, making the colonists pressured to follow the new policies.
        
        HIPP #2: Purpose
        The purpose of this source is to inform the colonists of the laws that were pressed by the English government. It made sense that this was made during this time because the colonies were under British rule. Anything that they said, had to be done even though sometimes they didn't listen. That affects the meaning of this document because it gives it more authority and importance.
  - - - Businessmen in the economy world needed to find easier ways to get the products of American farms and other businesses to their clients. This ambition gave birth to the Market Revolution where these farms where able to trade with far away markets instead of those in town. New techonology surged from this upheaval, such as machines and steamboats. For example, the Erie Canal, which was 364 miles, in New York city was one of the biggest investments during the Market Revolution. This canal got a lot of support from local merchants, De Witt Clinton (New York's governor at that time), and investors from other countries. Because of this, many farmers moved there in oder to form farming communities along the canal. The Erie Canal made the production of goods much faster and contributed to the wealth of the city. Another example of development in the Market Revolution would be the Clermont. This was a steamboat created by Robert Fulton. The Clermont was the first American steamboat invented and it was made to travel across the Hudson River.
        
        Causation: Technological and agricultural advancements significantly affected the American economy. The steamboats and new machinery were able to serve as a tool to provide more jobs as well as expand the trading world. As a result, these new goods made everything much more fatser and effective. An immense amount of merchandise could now be transported in steamboats across markets on differents coasts in less time. This revolution made the economy drastically increase!