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CHAPTER 8: LINEAR MOMENTUM - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 8: LINEAR MOMENTUM
Center of Mass and Translation Motion
The total momentum of a system of particles is equal o the product of the total mass and the velocity of the center of mass.
Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions
Momentum will always be conserved in all collisions.
Collisions where kinetic energy is conserved is called
Elastic Collision
and those where it is not conserved is called
Inelastic Collision.
Inelastic Collisions
An inelastic collision is one in which the internal kinetic energy changes (it is not conserved).
A collision in which the objects stick together is sometimes called “
perfectly inelastic
.”
Conservation of Momentum
Motion never hanges in an isolated collection of object, where the total momentum of the objects does not change.
momentum is conserved in the collision of the two balls.
For more than two objects:
Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum
When the net external force on a system of object is zero, the total momentum of the system remains constant.
Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
Elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy
Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in the system.
Collisions in Two or Three Dimensions
Momentum and Its Relation to Force
Momentum is a vector.
Definition of momentum:
The rate of change of momentum is equal to the net force.
Center of Mass(CM)
position defined relative to an object or system of objects. It is the average position of all the parts of the system, weighted according to their masses
distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero.
For two particles:
where
M
is the total mass.
center of gravity
is the point at which the gravitational force can be considered to act.
Collisions and Impulse
Impulse
the change in momentum of the object.
Collison
In a collision, objects experience an impulse.
In a collision, the impulse experienced by an object is always equal to the momentum change.
Systems of Variable Mass; Rocket Propulsion
or
The rocket accelerates to the right due to the expulsion of some of its fuel mass to the left. Conservation of momentum enables us to determine the resulting change of velocity.
