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Redistributory dimension of the EU policy-making - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Traditional 65%
        
        custom duties (MSs collect, retain 25% costs for collection)
        
        agricultural duties
        
        sugar and isoglucose levies
      - Gross national income-based 13% = uniform percentage levy of MS’s GNI set in each year’s b procedure = limited to a maximum of 1.20% of EU GNI => expenditure is also restricted by 1.20% - in practice MMF to around 1. Originally it was only to be collected if the other own resources did not fully cover expenditure, but it now finances the bulk of the EU budget.
      - VAT-based 11% = small percentage from Mss collection; nat rates harmonised in 1979 - uniform rate of 0.3% is applied to VAT of each MS, with taxable VAT base capped at 50% of GNI for each country
      - January 202 - non-recycled plastic waste nat contribution
- - - - Basic Payment Scheme (BPS/SAPS) - compulsory for MSs - payment entitlements allocated to farmers (granted upon activation/simplified transaction scheme or transit measure stemming from the accession treaty
      - Greening = mandatory, with flexible application; for environmental public goods - Crop diversification, maintaining existing permanent grassland and 5% ‘ecological focus area’;
      - Young People - mandatory; encourage generational renewal; start-up grants for farmers under 40y + training
      - Optional Schemes = areas with specific natural constraints/less favoured areas; coupled payments; Small farmers scheme
    - - Public Intervention = prevent prices from dropping to unsustainable levels
        From price support measures, only intervention prices (the guaranteed price below which an intervention body appointed by the MSs buys up the quantities produced and stores them) have been retained.
        Refunds on exports to third countries have been kept in place but only for certain products and exceptional measures. => products purchased and stored by EU countries gov or their agencies -> sold back through fixed price mechanism or tender
        
        Butter and skimmed milk powder
      - Storage of products by private sector = temporary reduces impact of short-term oversupply -> EU provides support in paying for the costs of storage
        Cheeses
      - Exceptional Measures
      - Sector specific aid schemes = improving capacity to adapt + competitiveness + sustainability -> fruit, vegetables, wine
      - Market Monitoring
    - - Rural Development Programmes = to address specific needs and challenges
        European Network for Rural Development
        European Innovation Partnership for Agriculture