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Chapter 1: Earliest Known History of Deaf People - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 1:
Earliest Known History of Deaf People
Chelsee Patterson
Jan. 21 2021
Deaf History
Ancient Times
Australopithecines
First Gesture(s)
Gordon Hewes
"
signs...first language...helped
humans to start voiced languages
"
Biblical Times
Egyptian
(Torah) Chushim & Cain
Egyptians treated disabled w/ respect
Hebrew
State deaf cannot own property
If you could speak you had more rights
Considered disabilities a fact of life/God's creation
Jewish
Jewish Scriptures:
Leviticus 19:28
Isaiah 28:23
Greek
Socrates first to write about signed lanuage
Son of Croesus, King of Lydia; 600-550 BC
Aristotle disagrees with Socrates
Aristotle accused of deaf oppression for 2000 years
Christianity
Mark 9:25 New Testament
Confessions
Deafness was a hindrance to faith
Roman Empire
Quintus Pedius most eminent painters of Rome
Middle Ages
Court jesters, asylums and demonic possession
Christians believed deaf could not be saved due to not hearing the word of God
Roman Emperor Justinian / Justinian Code
Benedictine Monks
Middle Age physicians' cure(s) for deafness
Renaissance
Deaf recognized as people of abilities
Taught reading and writing
Dutch author Rudolph Agricola (1443-1485)
Italian physician Dr. Girolamo Cardano (1501-1576)
"hear" by reading
"speak" by writing
Ponce de Leon (1520-1584) taught deaf at a monastery
Pedro & Fransicso de Velasco: wealth, noblemen responsibilities, education
Juan Fernandez X. Navaretta "
El Mudo
": Christ's baptism, court painter of high honor
Spanish lawyer Lasso "
Deaf should be able to procreate
"
First Learning Opportunities
Royal bloodlines and wealthy families
Teachers: Juan Pablo Bonet & Manual Ramirez de Carrion
The Simplification of Letters and the Art of Teaching the Mute to Speak
1620
Dr. John Bulwer "
eye for the ear and hand for the tongue
"
Dr. Wallis teaches Daniel Whalley
George Dalgarno "
less difficult to be blind than to be deaf
"
Dalgarno Alphabet = BSL Alphabet
First Successful Deaf Educational Facilities in Spain, England, France and Holland
Eriksson's notation of first phase historical deaf education
(1) Arranged by family
(2) Teach communication by oral or written
(3) Rarely taught lipreading
(4) Instruction given in speech, writing, fingerspelling, signs
(5) Teachers guarded secrets of their trade
(6) Teachers believed their methods were their inventions
(7) Many teachers = Priests or Physicians
(8) Very little written about deaf education and methodical description
Education Expansion
1700s Industrial Revolution; private schools for deaf opened;
first book in English about teaching deaf students published
First formal mainstream school accepting deaf children in France & England
Sign Language consistently used in school
First deaf teacher, Jean Massieu
First debate about sign vs speech begins
England/Scotland
Daniel Defoe
The Life and Adventure of Duncan Campbell
Henry Baker - (neice) Jane Forester; (wife) Sophia (Defoe's daughter)
Thomas Braidwood (mathematicain) teaches Robeert Sheriff to write
School in Edinburgh if one could afford the tuition
London Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb (1792) poor families
John Braidwood II, John Braidwood I, grand nephew of Thomas Braidwood I / Braidwood Method
Germany
Presumed earliest free public schools for deaf children
Samual Heinicke (1727-1790): Unable to cure deafness medically, rejected sign usage, (1778)
Observations of the Deaf and Dumb
France
Jacob Rodriquez Pereire (1715-1790) Fell in love with deaf girl (or) tutored deaf sister?
Abbé Charles-Michel de l'Épée (1712-1789): tutoring of 2 girls for religious understandings, The National Insitute for Deaf-Mutes (first free school), not secretive, signed methodiques
Abbé Roch-Ambriose Sicard (1742-1822) & Austrian Abbé Stark taught by de l'Épée
De l'Épée countered conviction / Sicard to the rescue
200 year war between sign language supporters & oralists
King Louis XVI appoints Sicard to be director/principal of National Institute for Deaf Mutes (1790)
Massieu (taught by Sicard) becomes first deaf teacher at National Institute
Massieu teaches Laurent Clerc
Russia
Czar Alexander I's deaf son was Clerc's student, inquires about educational facility for deaf children to be taught in Russia; Russia was declined due to being poor