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Non- Human Animals - Coggle Diagram
Non- Human Animals
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Animal assisted therapy (AAT) may involve the use of dogs, cats, horses, dolphins or even fish and hamsters as ‘behavioural facilitators’. A therapist who brings along a pet may be viewed as being less threatening, increasing the rapport between patient and therapist.
Paediatric care
Therapists rely on techniques such as monitoring a child's behaviour with the animal, their tone of voice, and indirect interviewing. These techniques are used, along with the child's pet or other animal, in order to gain information. Before pet therapy can be useful, the child and the animal must first develop a sense of comfort with each other
Institutional care
Pets may provide an opportunity for fun and relaxation for people in institutions. this can be prisons, troubled childrens care home. this can be useful for reducing stress in a stressful environment.
Nursing homes
For elderly dementia patients, hands on interactions with the animal are the most important aspect. AAT provides these patients with opportunities to have close physical contact with the animal’s warm bodies, feeling heartbeats, caress soft skins and coats, notice breathing, and giving hugs. AAT counsellors also plan activities for patients that need physical movement
Friedmann and Son (2009) reviewed 28 studies using AAT and found that all the studies reported beneficial effects of emotional problems including schizophrenia, developmental disabilities and Down syndrome.
Anestis et al (2014) reviewed 14 studies of equine (horse) therapy and identified a number of serious methodological issues such as sample sizes being very small (low population validity), there were no control groups and individuals were not randomly allocated to treatment groups.
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Harlows Monkeys
American psychologist conducted experiments on rhesus monkeys isolating them from their mothers and other species.
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the research gave the understanding of infant emotional development – the recognition that feeding alone was not the basis of the bond between caregiver and infant (suggesting cupboard love theory is incorrect).
Pavlovs Dog
The basis of Pavlovs research was, Pairing a stimulus with a conditioned response. He found that dogs could learn to respond to different objects or events through conditioning.
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some would view the research as unethical as the salvation glands in the dogs mouths were injected and connected to tubes. but for the day and age that the research was conducted in it was following ethics
do animals have rights?
Some may argue that to have rights you need to have responsibilities, so do animals have responsibilities
individuals who suffer from disabilities like panic attacks, diabities, blind and so on would say they have resposibility so they do have rights
British law requires that any new drug such as antidepressants, must be tested on at least 2 different species of live mammal. Such research inevitably results in some degree of pain and suffering for the animals involved.
Addiction research is carried out on animals and it is one of the most painful types of research. Harvard Medical School tested the behavioural responses to methamphetamine, nicotine and nicotine-related substances on squirrel monkeys. They were locked in restraint chairs, had electrodes placed on their shaved tails, were injected with various compounds and forced to press a lever to avoid being repeatedly shocked. this was exceptionally unethical as it caused sever pain and had no real benefit to society.
Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. This Act regulates the use of protected animals in any experimental or other scientific procedure which may cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm to the animal. Protected animals under the Act are any living veterbrae other than man and any living cephalopod.