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Chapter 12 Gravitation and Newton’s Synthesis - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 12 Gravitation and Newton’s Synthesis
12-8 Principle of Equivalence; Curvature of Space;Black Holes
Inertial mass:
the mass that appears in
Newton’s second law
Gravitational mass:
the mass that appears
in the universal law of gravitation
Principle of equivalence:
inertial mass and
gravitational mass are the same
If the gravitational field is strong enough,
even light cannot escape, and we have a
black hole.
12-6 Gravitational Field
The gravitational field : g = F/m
The gravitational field due to a single mass
M : g = (-GM . r / r)^2
12-2 Vector Form of Newton’s Law of UniversalGravitation
12-3 Gravity Near the Earth’s Surface; GeophysicalApplications
Now, knowing g and the radius of the Earth, the
mass of the Earth can be calculated :
mE = grE^2 / G = 5.98 X 10^24 kg
12-1 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
G = 6.67 X 10^-11 NM^2 kg^-2
Cavendish
experiment :
12-7 Types of Forces in Nature
Strong nuclear force (binds protons and
neutrons together in the nucleus)
Weak nuclear force (responsible for some
types of radioactive decay)
Electromagnetism
Gravity
Except for gravity, the forces we experience
every day are due to electromagnetic forces acting at the atomic level.
12-5 Kepler’s Laws and Newton’s Synthesis
The orbit of each planet is an ellipse, with the Sun at one
focus.
An imaginary line drawn from each
planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.
The square of a
planet’s orbital period is proportional to the
cube of its mean distance from the Sun.
Keepler's law can be derived from Newton's laws : (T1/T2)^2 = (s1/s2)^3
12-4 Satellites and “Weightlessness”
The satellite is kept in orbit by its speed—it is continually falling, but
the Earth curves from underneath it.
Objects in orbit are said to experience weightlessness. But they still have a
gravitational force
acting on them.
This is what leads to the experience of weightlessness.
No normal force because the satellite and all its contents are in free fall.
