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What is sociology?, Social Groups, Networks, Organizations, Gender, Social…

- - - - Impersonal, formed around goal
- - - - Democracy
    - - Foucault
      - Weber
      - Skocpol
  - - - Panopticon surveillance
- - - - Important (but also need weak ties)
        
        Safety net, Support
    - - Expanded network, increased resources
        
        More common among men than women
  - - - Simmel
        
        Weber
        
        Organic Solidarity
        
        Mechanical solidarity
        
        Reference Group
        
        Dyad, intense, less stable
        
        Triad, more stable
        
        Stranger
      - McDonaldization
- - - - Gender Typing
  - - - Biological essentialism
- - - - Attachment theory
    - - Feminist Theory
        
        Liberal Feminism
        
        Postmodern Feminism
        
        Black Feminism
        
        Transnational Feminism
        
        Socialist Feminism
        
        1 more item...
        
        focuses on intersection of nationhood, race, sexuality, economic exploitation against backdrop of colonization and global capitalism
        
        Women voice identities with the interests of their country as opposed to the UN's idea of feminism
        
        Criticizes feminist theories as centered around white women and the idea of patriarchy and mainstay of the family
        
        Thinker: bell hooks
        
        inequality caused by patriarchy. Patriarchy is considered universal and doesn't recognize that access to power is a spectrum. The solution is to desconstruct entire system
        
        gender inequalities as rooted largely
        in social and cultural attitudes. Blinded to class and race privileges and other complexities that affect behaviors and decisions. Solutions are limited due to lack of sensitivity and nuance.
        
        Barba Risman (evolved later)
- - - - Janet S Chafetz, The Gender Division of Labor and the Reproduction of Female Disadvantage (1988)
        
        Hansen, Jensen, and Skovsgaard, Modern Gender Roles and Agricultural History: the Neolithic Inheritance (2015); Engles, The Origin of the Family
        
        bell hooks, Black feminist
        
        Bilge, Sirma and Collins, Patricia Hill. 2016. Intersectionality. (Wiley).
        -Disch, Estelle. 2009. Reconstructing Gender: A Multicultural Anthology (McGraw-Hill).
        -Holmes, Mary. 2007. What is Gender? Sociological Approaches (Sage Publications).
        -hooks, bell. 2000. Feminism is for everybody: passionate politics (South End Press).
        
        Kimmel, Michael, Kaler, Amy and Aronson, Amy (eds). 2015. The Gendered Society Reader
        (Oxford University Press).
        -Linda, Lindsay L. 2005. Gender roles: a sociological perspective (Pearson Education).
        -Lorde, Audre. 1984. Sister Outsider. Essays and Speeches (Ten Speed Press).
        
        Kabeer, N. (2017) Economic Pathways to Women’s Empowerment and Active Citizenship: What
        Does The Evidence From Bangladesh Tell Us? The Journal of Development Studies, 53(5),
        649-663, DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2016.1205730
- - - - Gender
      - Culture of dependence, using the social safety net seen as inherently bad and has been racialized
    - - Intersectionality
        
        Feminization of poverty
        
        Female tax, services and products that cost women more money
    - - accent, clothes, food, culture
- - - - In addition to Marx' ideas...class also affected by skills, credentials, and status. This reflects the recent growth in education, emergence of bureaucracy
        
        Power is a distinct factor
        
        Pariah groups - negatively influenced by discrimination
        
        Life chances
        
        Power gives individuals ability to change circumstances, resources
      - Davis and Moore
        
        Tumin
        
        Erik Olin Wright
        
        Control
        
        3 dimensions: physical means of production, investments/capital, labor
        
        Marxist incorporated Weber
        
        disagreed with Davis and Moore
        
        Inequality among the classes inhibits individuals' ability to enter certain roles
        
        Importance of roles and reward are difficult to measure (teachers are paid very little)
        
        Functionalist. Stratification is necessary and based on innate talent and effort
        
        Societally important roles should be rewarded with status and wealth in order to get the most qualified people
    - - Class conflict
        
        Proletariat, sell labor to B, this leads to no material gain and surplus of misery and contempt
        
        Bourgeoisie, own means of production, this leads to surplus value which leads to accumulation of wealth
        
        Predicted would lead to working class revolution, then communism (a state imposed classless society who shared means of production - state manages surplus value).
        
        Hegel - dialectical materialism continuous cycle of tension (between owners and workers) leads to revolution. Labor is exploited and they fight to capture surplus value.
        
        Engels - trying to say this is what society SHOULD look like vs Marx was analyzing the current power structures
- - - - White tiger, Education, Snowpiercer