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Who Are English Language Learners?, :, Independent: Mindmap Chapter 1 …
Who Are English Language Learners?
Definition
: An English language learner (ELL) is a student who is in the process of
attaining
proficiency in English as a new, additional language.
In the ESSA, the federal government defines "English learners" as students who were not born in the United States or whose native language is a language other than English.
Connections
It was actually shocking to learn that the U.S. Census Bureau estimates in 2015 approximately
350
languages are spoken in the United States.
Haitian Creole
was number six in the list w/ 24,346 ELL students which I do believe this number already has increased in 2020.
I learned that I was considered as
sequential bilinguals
because I only started to learned English until after I arrived in the United States.
It didn't come as a surprise when I read that the "income gap between high-and low-income families" and also "the academic achievement gap" has both widened.
I have to admit that I was also influenced by the
Asian American model minority myth
but after I taught few years I stop having these preconception beliefs about my students as a result of knowing where he or she comes from.
I agree with this statement that "those whose parents do not know English have a further obstacle to learning" because I can say from my own experience as a student who was living sole parent at that time doesn't know English. But my father always made sure that education was my top priority. Even though he didn't know how to speak the language, he was always present for all parent-teacher meetings.
Learning More About Your English Language Learners
:
(1)
languages and literacies used at home;
(2)
ELP level;
(3)
educational history in the home country and in the United States;
(4)
length of time in the United States;
(5)
reason for immigration;
(6)
number of siblings;
(7)
parents' educational history, employment, and proficiency in English and other languages.
ELL Student Profile form
ELLs are
diverse
an extremely
diverse
group.
ELLs vary widely by
race
,
ethnicity
,
home language
,
level of schooling
,
socioeconomic status
,
parents' level of education
,
parents' proficiency in English
,
proficiency
, and
literacy in their home language
.
Detailed profiles of their oral language and literacy skills in English on the
companion website
.
ELLs are
entitled
to
equal access
to
educational opportunities
. This means they are entitled to:
(1)
high-quality language instruction to develop proficiency in English
(2)
high-quality academic instruction across the content areas.
assimilationist discourses
vs.
pluralist discourses
Every Student Succeeds Act (
ESSA
)
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA): What you need to know
Home Language Survey
ELP
: a screening test to assess English Language proficiency.
Redesignation
means the student no longer requires
specialized language
and
content instruction
and is considered
ready
to participate in
mainstream classes
.
Types of English Language Learners
Diversity of English Language Learners:
Levels of English Language Proficiency
WIDA states
use the consortium's
six levels
of English proficiency to describe what ELLs can do at each level.
ELPA21 states
and
nonconsortium states
uses different names and definitions for
five levels
of English proficiency.
Socioeconomic Status
Home Languages
superdiversity
emphasizes the diversity within diversity and considers many factors, including race, culture, language, ethnicity, education level, migration history, and socioeconomic status.
Educational Achievement
Special Education Considerations
response to intervention (RTI)
multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS)
FACTORS
that influences an ELL's response to
instruction
and
interventions
:
(1)
learning environment created for ELLs;
(2)
personal and family issues; (
3)
physical and psychological development;
(4)
previous schooling;
(5)
social and academic language development in the first and the second language;
(6)
academic achievement in both languages, and
(7)
cultural differences.
Culture and Identity
multicultural education
additive
transformative
contribution
social action
culturally sustaining pedagogies
: seeks to perpetuate and foster-to sustain-linguistic, literate, and cultural pluralism as part of schooling for positive social transformation.
Understanding Diversity Informs Effective Practice
Questions to guide teachers' inquiry: (1)
What countries are the students or their families from?
(2)
What languages and languages varieties are spoken in their homes?
(3)
What are their ethnicities and with which cultural groups do they identify?
(4)
How long have the students (or their families) been in the United States?
(5)
What prior schooling do the students have, either in their home countries or in the United States?
(6)
Can they read and write in their home languages?
(7)
What are the parents' levels of education, and do they have literacy skills in their home language?
(8)
What are the students' neighborhoods like?
(9)
What is each student's socioeconomic status? (10)
What birth position does each student hold among his or her siblings, or is he or she an only child?**
An
understanding
of what ELLs can do with
oral
and
written
English at these
different levels of English Proficiency
is crucial if teachers are to provide
effective language
and
content area instruction
.
Emergent bilingual
The emergent bilingual emphasizes that a fundamental goal of language education programs should be to help students attain high levels of proficiency in their home languages and English.
simultaneous bilingualism
vs
sequential bilingualism or sequential bilinguals vs. simultaneous bilinguals.
bilingual immersion or dual language program
Heritage language program
multilingual learner
dual language learner
: young children between the ages of 0 and 8
language minority student
vs
language majority student
Heritage language speaker
:
Independent
: Mindmap Chapter 1
Pierrelyne Pierre