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METAPHYSICAL POETS 17th CENTURY - Coggle Diagram
METAPHYSICAL POETS 17th CENTURY
Were a succession of poets who wrotes towards the end of the 16th century and at the beginnig of the 17th century.
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Their poetry
: elaborate, witty images, an interest in mathamatics, science and geography and the most important interest in the soul.
Famous for carrying the
metaphysical style.
Metaphysical conceit:
the most interesting characteristics of this poetry.
Another characteristic: a linking for paradox and complex themes. Sacred and profane, a direct manner, a caustic humour. Also, delicacy, gracefulness and deep feeling, passion, wit.
The last great poet of Renaissance was the Putitan writer
John Milton
, who had at this command a thorough classical education.
JOHN DONNE (1572 - 1631)
Courtier and adventurer.
Elected a member of Parliament (1601) and secretary of Sir Thomas Egerton, minister of the queen.
In 1615 he entered the Church of England and in 1621 he became the Dean of St Paul's Cathedral.
He was one of the most fashionable and dedicated preachers of the age and famous for his sermons.
He was born in London. Roman Catholic family, but converted to Anglicanism during 1590.
Anne More. His secret marriage (1601)
Donne's principal literary accomplishments:
DIVINE POEMS
and the
PROSE WORK.
He became a priest of the Anglican Church (1615) and was appointed royal chaplain later.
His poetry embraces a wide range of secular and religious subjects. His poems reveal the same characteristics that typified the work of the metaphysical poets: dazzling wordplay, paradox, surprinsing as law, physiology, scholastic philosophy and mathematics.
THE CIVIL WAR: MILTON - MARVELL - THE CAVALIER POETS
The Civil War (1642 - 1651)
was fought between Charles I.
Supporters: Cavaliers (knights and horseman)
Parliament: Puritan supporters "The Roundheads" (haircuts)
The chief commander: Oliver Cromwell.
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The first stage
of the War began in 1642 and finished with the Parliamentary victories at Naseby in 1645.
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The second stage
caused by the King's escape in 1647, ended in 1641 with a Parliamentary victory over the Scots.
+Charles was beheaded in 1649 en England became a republic until 1660.
1641:
John Milton
abandoned poetry in favour of
prose propaganda
for the Parliamentary and Puritan causes, producing pamphlets in favour of divorce.
Andrew Marvel
: the son of clergyman with Puritan views.
His poetry: he manages to combine the intellectual subtley of the Metaphysical with a kind of senseous immediacy.
The Cavalier Poets:
Thomas Carew, Sir John Sucking and Richard Lovelace
, were supporters of Charles I.
Inlfuenced by
Ben Jonson
and by
John Donne
, their verse is characterised by short, firm lines, lively diction and graceful wit.
THE RESTORATION 17th - 18th CENTURY
1660:
Charles II was restored to the throne.
Extra info:
The Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland took place in 1660 when King Charles II returned from exile in Europe.
The preceding period of the Protectorate and the civil wars came to be known as the Interregnum (1649–1660).
During the
INTERREGNUM,
puritans closed the theatres because they believed that theate was dangerous for the morals of society.
1660:
theatres reopened
. There were many changes form those golden days of Elizabethan theatres.
+During Elizabethan times, anyone could assist to the performances.
+
WOMEN
appeared on stage for the first time.
+Plays were performed in fashionable contemporary dress.
+
A PICTURE FRAME STAGE
replaced
APRON STAGE
+Plays show a reaction against the strict rule of Puritanism and plots about adultery, sexual intrigue and money.
+Satire in verse:
William III & Queen Anne
(1702 - 1714), were called the
AUGUSTAN AGE
by the poet
Oliver Goldsmith
to indicate admiration for the values of balanced judgement, associated with Roman literature. (
Emperor Augusts
).
+It was the
AGE OF REASON
: writers were more guided by social purpose than by need to express personal feeling.
+Also the age of
SATIRE
, a form of literature attacking folly and vice (appear ridiculous).
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