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Theory - Coggle Diagram
Theory
Piaget
Children understand more of the world as they grow, when their bodies grow, their mind grows.
At ages 0-2 years, old children are in the sensorimotor stage, this is when children use their senses to gather information about the world.
At ages 2-7 years, children are in the preoperational stage, this is when children use symbols to take part in pretend play.
At ages 7-11 years, children are in the concrete operational stage, at this stage children are able to use concrete ideas to make assumptions.
At ages 12 years and up, children are in the formal operational stage, in this stage children begin reasoning more ike adults.
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Piaget believed children need places where work and projects can be left until they are ready to finish them.
Dewey
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The brain analyses the relationship within the body, or in the enviornment at all times.
Once you can understand the connections between what went wrong, you know what you need to change when you try the next time.
External learning can be used to learn a new skill or become better at a skill you already love doing.
After an experience you must reflect on what happened, and form an abstract concept.
Teachers must be willing to tap their general knowledge of the world to help children make sense of their surroundings.
Dewey believed that when children are engaged, learning is fun and exciting in and of itself.
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Vygotsky
Vygotsky changed the way educators think about children's interactions with others. His work shows that social and cognitive development work together and build on each other.
He believed that a child on the edge of learning a new concept can benefit from the interaction with a teacher or a classmate.
Vygotsky believend that language presents the shared experiences nessecary for building cognitive development.
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Only after a child has consistently demonstrated self-regulation skills on his or her own, or has internalized those skills, should teachers begin withdrawing support.
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The four elementary mental functions that babies have is attention, sensation, perception, and memory.
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is where Vygotsky believed the most sensitive instuction or guidance should be given.
Language is the main means by which adult's transmit information to children, and it's also a powerful tool of intellectual adaption.
Montessori
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Instead of the teacher making all the decisions the child gets some autonomy in how he or she learns.
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A Montessori classroom is filled with puzzles, art supplies, and games. It allows children to experience the classroom in a more natural way.
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Montessori's theories about children have influenced the way all early childhood programs are structured today.
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Most American early childhood programs have child-sized furniture, equipment, and utensils. That way children are able to learn from their own experiences.
Montessori belies teachers need to ask themselves what they are providing in the environment to "educate the senses."
Montessori's observations lead her to believe that children are capable of great concentration when they are surrounded by many interesting things to do.
Erikson
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Erikson believed that in the earliest years of life patterns develop that regulate, or influence a person's actions and interactions for the rest of his or her life.
Erikson belived it was extremely important for babies to have significant relationships with a few key adults to accomplish the task of developing basic trust.
Erikson believed if you encourage preschool children to use their energy in an active and involved way, their confidence will grow.
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Erikson's first theory occurs during the first stage of life, and it is the idea of trust and mistrust.
During the initiative vs guilt the child regularly interacts with the kids at school, so play is central to this stage.
During the stages of identity vs role crisis, the child will really examine themselves to find their idenity, and to find who they really are.
Erikson's eight different stages of development is trust, independence, initiative, accomplishment, identity relationships, contribution, and reflection.