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Regulatory: DKA - Coggle Diagram
Regulatory: DKA
S&S
Hyperglycemia
osmotic diuresis, polyuria, polydipsia
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electrolyte imbalances (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia)
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Treatment
IV insulin administration: stops ketosis and reduces hyperglycemia, in turn reducing polyurea and preventing further F&E loss
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correct acidosis: usually occurs with insulin treatment stopping ketosis and the body replenishing bicarb, with severe acidosis bicarb is given.
etiology/pathogenesis
primarily seen in DM type 1, insufficient or lack of insulin leads to cellular starvation since cells cannot utilize glucose without insulin. As a result the body increases gluconeogenesis eventually resulting in breakdown of body fats producing fatty acids and ketones. This causes the build up of ketones in the blood and the resulting metabolic acidosis once the bodies buffering systems are exhausted.
Due to a lack of insulin the body cannot use glucose in the blood and hyperglycemia occurs. To correct this the body attempts to excrete more glucose in the urine causing the polyurea and the resulting dehydration and electrolyte loss.
diagnostics
Labs: Metabolic, blood glucose, urinalysis, ABG, BUN, creatinine, blood osmolarity