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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS image - Coggle Diagram

- - - - were persecuted by the Christian population towards the end of the Middle Ages.
      - In the 15th century, this anti-Semitism increased. The Christians believed that the Jews offended God.
      - In addition, some of them were bankers and many Christians owed them money.
      - In 1492, the monarchs forced them to convert to Christianity.
        
        Sephard Jews were the ones that not convert
        
        Coversos were the one that convert
        
        They were persecuted and investigated from practising their old religion in secret.
    - - The Catholic Monarchs main objectives were the unification of the Iberian Peninsula, the isolation of France, the consolidation of the Crown of Aragón in the Mediterranean and the expansion across the Atlantic
      - Diplomatic and military strategies were used to achieve these.
        
        Diplomatic.
        
        The monarchs formed political agreements or alliances by marrying their children to the kings and princes of other European kingdoms.
        
        Union with Portugal
        
        The monarchs married their oldest daughter, Isabella of Aragón, to King Manuel I of Portugal.
        
        Their son, Miguel, was due to inherit the three kingdoms, but both mother and son died
        
        Isolation of France*
        
        In 1493 an agreement was reached with France in which the territories of Roussillon and Cerdanya were returned to Aragón.
        
        To continue isolating France, the monarchs married their children to English princes and the Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire, who governed Austria and Burgundy.
- - - - Their son, Miguel, was due to inherit the three kingdoms, but both mother and son died.
      - One of the monarchs' other daughters, María, was then married to the widowed king
      - The monarchs married their oldest daughter, Isabella of Aragón, to King Manuel I of Portugal.
    - - In 1493 an agreement was reached with France in which the territories of Roussillon and Cerdanya were returned to Aragón.
      - Despite this, France continued to be their main enemy.
  - - - In 1492, after a ten year war, Boabdil, the ruler of the kingdom of Granada, surrendered the last existing Muslim state on the Peninsula.
      - In 1512, Ferdinand the Catholic' conquered Navarra to prevent it from forming an alliance with France. It then became part of the Crown of Castilla
    - - .
        
        Northern Africa. Between 1497 and 1510, various enclaves which Berber pirates operated from were conquered (Melilla, Oran and Bugia). Ceuta was conquered by the kingdom of Portugal.
        
        Italy. The forces of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba the Great Captain', defeated the French at the battles of Cerignola and Garigliano (1503) and secured the Aragónese territories of Naples, Sicily and Sardinia.
        
        The Atlantic Ocean. The Canary Islands were conquered following the subjugation of their inhabitants, the Guanches (1478-1496). These islands would serve as a stop off point for Christopher Columbus' first voyage to the Americas in 1492.