Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
MOTIVATION, The process of motivation comprises different steps, within an…
MOTIVATION
Importance of Motivation
-
-
-
:check:Employees should be creative, spontaneous and innovative at work.
-
-
Motivation Theories
- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow postulated that a person will be motivated when his needs are fulfilled. The need starts from the lowest level basic needs and keeps moving up as a lower level need is fulfilled. Below is the hierarchy of needs:
• Social (belongingness and love): The need for association, affiliation, friendship, and so on.
-
• Safety: Protection from threats, deprivation, and other dangers.
• Self-actualization: The opportunity for personal development, learning, and fun/creative/challenging work. Self-actualization is the highest level need to which a human being can aspire.
• Physiological: Physical survival necessities such as food, water, and shelter.
- McClelland’s theory of needs
McClelland affirms that we all have three motivating drivers, and it does not depend on our gender or age. One of these drives will be dominant in our behaviour. The dominant drive depends on our life experiences. The three motivators are:
• Affiliation: a need for love, belonging and social acceptance People with a high need for affiliation are motivated by being liked and accepted by others. They tend to participate in social gatherings and may be uncomfortable with conflict.
• Power: a need for control own work or the work of others People with a high need for power desire situations in which they exercise power and influence over others. They aspire for positions with status and authority and tend to be more concerned about their level of influence than about effective work performance.
• Achievement: a need to accomplish and demonstrate own competence People with a high need for achievement prefer tasks that provide for personal responsibility and results based on their own efforts. They also prefer quick acknowledgement of their progress.
- Douglas McGregor formulated two distinct views of human being based on participation of workers. The first is basically negative, labelled as Theory X, and the other is basically positive, labelled as Theory Y. Both kinds of people exist. Based on their nature they need to be managed accordingly.
• Theory Y: This view postulates that workers are inherently motivated and eager to accept responsibility. An appropriate management style is to focus on creating a productive work environment coupled with positive rewards and reinforcement.
• Theory X: The traditional view of the work force holds that workers are inherently lazy, self-centred, and lacking ambition. Therefore, an appropriate management style is strong, top-down control.
- Victor Vroom stated that people will be highly productive and motivated if two conditions are met:
-
-
- Hertzberg’s two Factor Theory
Hertzberg has categorized the needs into two broad-based classes, hygiene and motivating factors. Hygiene factors make sure that the employee should not be dissatisfied whereas the motivation factors deal with the ways to ensure employee’s satisfaction and motivation for high performance. Here we discuss both sets of factors as under
-
-
Challenges of motivation
:star:Employees motives cannot be seen, they can only be presumed. Suppose, there are two employees in a team showing varying performance despite being of same age group, having same educational qualifications and same work experience. The reason being what motivates one employee may not seem motivating to other.
:star:Motivation of employees becomes challenging especially when the organizations have considerably changed the job role of the employees, or have lessened the hierarchy levels of hierarchy, or have chucked out a significant number of employees in the name of down-sizing or right-sizing. Certain firms have chosen to hire and fire and paying for performance strategies nearly giving up motivational efforts. These strategies are unsuccessful in making an individual overreach himself.
:star:One of the main reasons of motivation being a challenging job is due to the changing workforce. The employees become a part of their organization with various needs and expectations. Different employees have different beliefs, attitudes, values, backgrounds and thinking. But all the organizations are not aware of the diversity in their workforce and thus are not aware and clear about different ways of motivating their diverse workforce.
:star:The vigorous nature of needs also pose challenge to a manager in motivating his subordinates. This is because an employee at a certain point of time has diverse needs and expectations. Also, these needs and expectations keep on changing and might also clash with each other. For instance-the employees who spend extra time at work for meeting their needs for accomplishment might discover that the extra time spent by them clash with their social neds and with the need for affiliation.
Motivational approaches
Teamwork
:bomb:Many employees find satisfaction in being part of a team. They are motivated to support their peers and get support from their peers. Creating teams in your workplace can help employees relate to each other and share common goals. This can increase motivation. Each team should have a leader who is responsible for keeping teams on task and motivating all members to participate fully.
Stakeholder Motivation
:bomb:When employees feel they have a stake in how well your business does, they may be motivated to help it succeed. For example, when a worker has a strong sense that your business is helping him feed his family and pay his bills as well as offering him the potential to grow, he may bring a strong sense of purpose to work. In addition, employees who are part of the decision-making process may feel they have a responsibility for making those decisions fruitful.
Self-Fulfillment
:bomb:Psychologist Abraham Maslow suggested a hierarchy of internal needs each person has. These include the need for self-esteem, the need to reach one's potential and the need to feel safe and secure. If you offer a workplace environment that satisfies your employees' internal needs, they will be more motivated to come to work each day and to be productive so that they can continue coming to work.
External Motivation
:bomb:When you offer rewards such as cash bonuses, recognition through plaques and ceremonies, promotions and improved benefits, you are using external motivation. It's hard to argue against the effectiveness of this approach, because everyone who works for you is doing so for the financial reward. Many employees are willing to work harder and more efficiently to earn external rewards such as extra vacation time or even a new job title.
-
Features of Motivation
:pencil2:Motivation is an internal feeling, that is, it defines the psychological state of a person. It is a continuous process and we should make sure that it is not disturbed. A person should be encouraged completely. Motivation consists of three interacting and dependent elements:
Drives − The various camps or events organized to motivate the employees and give them new opportunities.
-
-
-
The process of motivation comprises different steps, within an individual, among them are :
:zap:Once an individual enters the phase of Tension, it immediately takes him to the third step of the process of motivation, “Search”. The individual instantly starts searching as to how he can complete this task.
:zap:A motive is the actual driving force that enables an individual to perform any task to achieve his goal. This is the starting point of the motivation process.
:zap:The final step in the process of motivation is “Feedback”. This is extremely important for the organization to get feedback from the employees in order to formulate and upgrade their line of action to improve the work environment and motivational level of its employees.
:zap:The second step in this process is the “Tension” When a need or motive remains unsatisfied or unaccomplished, it results in a stimulus within an individual as to how I can do this.
:zap:The last step may be termed as “Action”. Action is the logical accomplishment of the first three steps. After going through the phase of Motive, Tension and Search, the ultimate result Action, takes the individual towards successful achievement of Goal that fulfills his motives.
Motivation refers to either intrinsic or extrinsic forces of an individual that stimulate enthusiasm and perseverance to pursue a certain accomplishment. Motivation can be described in three simple steps :
:<3:These needs will grow and expand, requiring certain behaviours to fulfil them.
:<3:Individuals have basic needs (food, accommodation, financial stability, accomplishment).
:<3:The more successful the behaviours, the more satisfied the individuals.