began in 1848 by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, 1847 joined group German socialist revolutionaries (Communist League), became advocates of the radical working-class movement, published Communist Manifesto January 1848, n it appeared in revolutions to rouse the working classes, french said his idea could reshape society, proletariat: industrial working class, wanted workers to overthrow bourgeoisie, International Working Men’s Association 1864 from unionists, umbrella organization for working-class interests, failed in 1872, revived in 1889 socialism depended on national socialist parties